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A nurse educator is providing an in-service to nursing staff about urinary tract infections (UTP). Which statements made by the staff validate they understand the etiology and pathophysiology of UTIs? Select all that apply.

"UTI’s can be caused by urethrovesical reflux which is the backward flow of urine from the urethra to the bladder after coughing, sneezing or straining"

"UTI’s are more common in women due to their longer urethras"

Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) is a protein in the urinary tract that exerts a nonadherent protective effect against various bacteria"

The organism most often responsible for UTI's in older adults is staphylococcus."

The normal urinary tract is sterile above the urethra."

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,E

A. "UTI’s can be caused by urethrovesical reflux which is the backward flow of urine from the urethra to the bladder after coughing, sneezing, or straining":

This statement is correct. Urethrovesical reflux can contribute to UTIs, especially in women, as it can introduce bacteria from the urethra back into the bladder.
B. "UTI’s are more common in women due to their longer urethras":

This statement is correct. Women have shorter urethras than men, which makes it easier for bacteria to travel into the bladder, increasing the risk of UTIs.
C. "Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) is a protein in the urinary tract that exerts a nonadherent protective effect against various bacteria":

This statement is correct. Glycosaminoglycan is a substance that lines the urinary tract and helps prevent bacterial adherence, thereby protecting against UTIs.
D. "The organism most often responsible for UTI's in older adults is staphylococcus":

This statement is incorrect. The most common bacteria responsible for UTIs are Escherichia coli (E. coli), not staphylococcus.
E. "The normal urinary tract is sterile above the urethra":

This statement is correct. Normally, the urinary tract above the urethra is sterile, devoid of bacteria. UTIs occur when bacteria enter and multiply in the urinary system, leading to infection.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. The longer the joint is displaced, the more difficult it is to get it back in place:
This statement is correct. Prompt reduction of a dislocated joint is important because the longer the joint remains out of place, the more difficult it becomes to realign it. Delayed reduction can lead to complications and makes the process more challenging for healthcare providers.

B. Avascular necrosis may develop at the site if it is not promptly resolved:
Avascular necrosis is a condition where bone tissue dies due to a lack of blood supply. While it is a potential complication of hip dislocation, it is not the immediate rationale for considering hip dislocation a medical emergency. The urgency primarily lies in the difficulty of reducing the dislocation and preventing further complications.

C. The client's pain will increase until the joint is realigned:
This statement is partially correct. While it is true that dislocated joints are extremely painful, the urgency in reducing the dislocation is not solely based on pain management. It is essential to prevent complications, restore joint function, and minimize long-term damage to the affected area.

D. Dislocation can become permanent if the process of bone remodeling begins:
This statement is accurate. If a dislocated joint is not promptly reduced, the surrounding tissues may undergo changes, and the process of bone remodeling can begin. This can lead to the dislocation becoming more difficult or even impossible to reduce, resulting in a permanent dislocation. Early intervention is essential to prevent this outcome.

Correct Answer is ["200"]

Explanation

Weightinkg=Weightinlb÷2.2

Weightinkg=88÷2.2≈40

Calculate the dose of cefpodoxime:

The prescribed dose is 5 mg/kg.

Doseinmg=Weightinkg×Doseperkg

Doseinmg=40×5=200

The nurse should administer 200 mg of cefpodoxime.

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A nurse educator is providing an in-service to nursing staff about urinary tract infections (UTP). Which statements made by the staff validate they understand the etiology and pathophysiology of UTIs? Select all that apply.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

An emergency department client is diagnosed with a hip dislocation. The client's family is relieved that the client has not suffered a hip fracture, but the nurse explains that this is still considered to be a medical emergency. What is the rationale for the nurse's statement?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is caring for an adolescent client who has pneumonia and a prescription for cefpodoxime 5 mg/kg PO for 5 days. The client weighs 88 lb. How many mg should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number)

Correct Answer is ["200"]

Explanation

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