A nurse in a clinic is assessing an infant who has diarrhea, is lethargic, and has dry skin. Which of the following findings indicates moderate dehydration?

Decreased respiratory rate

Bulging anterior fontanel

Mottled skin

Capillary refill 3 seconds

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. "Decreased respiratory rate." Moderate dehydration typically causes tachypnea (increased respiratory rate), not a decreased respiratory rate. This is the body's response to metabolic acidosis caused by fluid loss.

B. "Bulging anterior fontanel." A bulging anterior fontanel is a sign of increased intracranial pressure, not dehydration. Dehydration typically causes a sunken fontanel due to fluid loss.

C. "Mottled skin." Mottled skin can be a sign of severe dehydration or shock, but it is not a definitive indicator of moderate dehydration.

D. "Capillary refill 3 seconds." A capillary refill time of 2–3 seconds is indicative of moderate dehydration. In severe dehydration, capillary refill would be greater than 4 seconds.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "I will lay my baby on their side to sleep for naps." The supine (on the back) position is the safest for sleep to reduce the risk of SUIDS.
B. "I will dress my baby in lightweight clothing to sleep." Overheating is a risk factor for SUIDS. Lightweight clothing helps prevent overheating and promotes safe sleep.
C. "I will have my baby sleep next to me in bed during the night." Bed-sharing increases the risk of suffocation and SUIDS. Room-sharing with a separate sleep surface is recommended.
D. "I will move my baby's stuffed animal to the corner of their crib while they sleep." Soft objects, including stuffed animals and blankets, should not be in the crib at all to reduce the risk of suffocation.

A. "Offer your child foods that are low in calories." B. "Offer your child foods that are high in fat." C. "Offer your child foods that are high in vitamin C." D. "Offer your child foods that are low in protein."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "Offer your child foods that are low in calories." Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) require a high-calorie diet because their bodies have difficulty absorbing nutrients due to pancreatic insufficiency.
B. "Offer your child foods that are high in fat." A high-fat diet (35%-40% of total calories from fat) is recommended because fat malabsorption is common in CF, and they need additional fat to meet their energy needs.
C. "Offer your child foods that are high in vitamin C." While vitamin C is important, fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) are the primary concern since CF patients struggle to absorb them.
D. "Offer your child foods that are low in protein." Children with CF require adequate protein intake to support growth and maintain muscle mass, so protein restriction is not recommended.

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A nurse in a clinic is assessing an infant who has diarrhea, is lethargic, and has dry skin. Which of the following findings indicates moderate dehydration?

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