A nurse in a provider's office is caring for a client.
Exhibits
The nurse is reviewing the client's medical record. Which of the following findings places the client at risk for osteoporosis? (Select all that apply.)

Alcohol use

Vitamin D level

Lactose intolerant

Activity level

Smoking history

Phosphorous level

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,D

B. Vitamin D level- Low levels of vitamin D, as indicated by the client's 25-hydroxy D (vitamin D + D) levels below the reference range (24 ng/dL initially and 15 ng/dL at the 6-month follow-up), can contribute to osteoporosis. Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and bone health.

D. Activity level- The client reports a sedentary lifestyle and inability to exercise regularly. Lack of weight-bearing exercise can increase the risk of osteoporosis as weight-bearing exercises help maintain bone density.
A. Alcohol use- The client denies drinking alcohol, so alcohol use is not a risk factor in this case.
C. Lactose intolerant- Lactose intolerance does not directly increase the risk of osteoporosis. However, if the client avoids dairy products due to lactose intolerance, they may have lower calcium intake, which can affect bone health.
E. Smoking history- The client is described as a nonsmoker, so smoking is not a risk factor for osteoporosis in this case. Smoking is associated with decreased bone density and increased fracture risk.
F. Phosphorus level- Phosphorus levels within the normal range (3.4 mg/dL initially and 3.2 mg/dL at the 6-month follow-up) do not directly indicate increased risk for osteoporosis. However, phosphorus, along with calcium, is important for bone health.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B. This is a hallmark sign of anaphylaxis. During an anaphylactic reaction, blood vessels dilate, and fluid can leak out of the bloodstream into surrounding tissues, leading to a sudden drop in blood pressure (hypotension). This is a key indicator of anaphylaxis and requires immediate attention.
A. Anaphylactic reactions typically cause an increase in heart rate (tachycardia) rather than a decrease (bradycardia). The body reacts to the perceived threat by releasing a flood of chemicals, such as histamine, which can cause the heart to pump faster. Therefore, a sudden decrease in heart rate is not characteristic of anaphylaxis.
C. Swelling can occur in various parts of the body during an allergic reaction, but it is more common in areas such as the face, lips, tongue, and throat, which can compromise the airway. Swelling in the feet

alone is less likely to be associated with anaphylaxis and more indicative of localized or less severe reactions.
D. Pain at the injection site is a common local reaction to an IM injection and is not specific to anaphylaxis. While it can be uncomfortable, it is not indicative of a systemic allergic reaction.

A. Eyelashes that curl slightly outward. B. Corneas with an opaque appearance C. Pupils that are 8 to 9 mm in diameter D. Eyelids that blink involuntarily 30 to 35 times per minute

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Eyelashes that curl slightly outward help protect the eyes by reducing the entry of foreign particles and debris. They also help to direct tears away from the eyes and prevent excessive moisture buildup.
B. The cornea is normally transparent, allowing light to enter the eye and focusing it onto the retina. An opaque appearance of the cornea may indicate conditions such as corneal edema, scarring, or infection, which can impair vision and require further assessment and treatment.
C. The normal diameter of an adult pupil ranges from about 2 to 4 mm in bright light and up to about 4 to 8 mm in dim light. Pupils that are consistently dilated to 8 to 9 mm may indicate abnormalities such as an underlying neurological condition, drug effects, or trauma to the eye.
D. The average blink rate is around 15-20 times per minute under normal conditions.

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A nurse in a provider's office is caring for a client. Exhibits The nurse is reviewing the client's medical record. Which of the following findings places the client at risk for osteoporosis? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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A nurse in a provider's office is caring for a client.
Exhibits
The nurse is reviewing the client's medical record. Which of the following findings places the client at risk for osteoporosis? (Select all that apply.)