A nurse in a woman's health clinic is obtaining a health history from a client.
Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as increasing the client's risk for developing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

Use of oral contraceptives.

Frequent alcohol use.

Chlamydia infection.

Recurrent cystitis.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale

Oral contraceptives primarily work by inhibiting ovulation through hormonal regulation. They do not inherently increase the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). In some cases, they may even offer a protective effect against PID by thickening cervical mucus, which can act as a barrier to ascending infections.

Choice B rationale

Frequent alcohol use can impair the immune system, potentially making an individual more susceptible to infections. However, it is not a direct cause of PID. PID is primarily caused by ascending infections, often sexually transmitted infections, rather than the direct effects of alcohol consumption.

Choice C rationale

Chlamydia trachomatis is a common sexually transmitted bacterium and a major cause of pelvic inflammatory disease. Untreated chlamydia infections can ascend from the cervix and uterus to the fallopian tubes and ovaries, leading to inflammation, scarring, and potentially long-term complications such as infertility and ectopic pregnancy.

Choice D rationale

Recurrent cystitis, an infection of the bladder, primarily affects the lower urinary tract. While urinary tract infections are common in women, they do not typically ascend to the reproductive organs and cause pelvic inflammatory disease. PID involves infection of the upper genital tract, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Thoroughly cooking meat to an internal temperature of 160°F (71°C) kills the Toxoplasma gondii parasite, thus preventing transmission. This is a recommended measure to prevent toxoplasmosis during pregnancy.

Choice B rationale

Drinking unpasteurized milk poses a risk of exposure to various pathogens, including Toxoplasma gondii, as pasteurization is a process that kills harmful microorganisms. Pregnant women should avoid unpasteurized dairy products to reduce the risk of infection. This statement indicates a need for further instruction as it suggests an unsafe practice.

Choice C rationale

Cat feces can contain oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii. Avoiding contact with materials potentially contaminated with cat feces, such as litter boxes or garden soil, is a crucial measure to prevent toxoplasmosis.

Choice D rationale

Raw meat can be contaminated with Toxoplasma gondii. Avoiding touching mucous membranes of the mouth or eyes while handling raw meat and washing hands thoroughly afterwards prevents the parasite from entering the body. This is a recommended preventive measure.

A. Limit the newborn's intake of milk to prevent nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. B. Feed the newborn every six hours for better exposure to the UV light. C. Turn the infant every two hours to expose all body surfaces to the light. D. Apply an oil-based lotion to the newborn's skin to prevent drying and cracking.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Limiting the newborn's intake of milk is contraindicated in the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia. Adequate hydration and frequent feedings are essential to promote bilirubin excretion through stool and urine. Decreased intake can exacerbate dehydration and worsen jaundice. Normal feeding frequency for newborns is typically every 2-3 hours.

Choice B rationale

Feeding the newborn every six hours is not an appropriate intervention for a jaundiced infant receiving phototherapy. Frequent feedings, typically every 2-3 hours, are necessary to promote bilirubin excretion. Prolonged intervals between feedings can lead to dehydration and hinder the effectiveness of phototherapy.

Choice C rationale

Turning the infant every two hours is a crucial nursing intervention during phototherapy. This ensures that all body surfaces are exposed to the ultraviolet light, maximizing the breakdown of bilirubin in the skin. Consistent exposure of all areas helps to lower bilirubin levels more effectively.

Choice D rationale

Applying an oil-based lotion to the newborn's skin during phototherapy is contraindicated. Oil-based lotions can create a barrier on the skin, reducing the penetration and effectiveness of the ultraviolet light. Only water-based lotions, if necessary, should be used sparingly and with caution, as some may absorb UV light.

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A nurse in a woman's health clinic is obtaining a health history from a client.Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as increasing the client's risk for developing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A prenatal nurse is providing instructions to a group of pregnant clients regarding measures to prevent toxoplasmosis.Which statement, if made by one of the clients, indicates a need for further instructions?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A newborn is jaundiced and receiving phototherapy via ultraviolet bank lights.An appropriate nursing intervention when caring for an infant with hyperbilirubinemia and receiving phototherapy by this method would be to:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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A nurse in a woman's health clinic is obtaining a health history from a client.
Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as increasing the client's risk for developing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?