A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a client following a motor-vehicle crash.

The client’s Glasgow coma scale rating is 15.

Which of the following findings should the nurse expect

The leader allows the group to discuss whatever they would like to regarding their medications.

This is because a laissez-faire leadership style is characterized by minimal guidance and direction from the leader, and maximum freedom and autonomy for the followers.

The leader does not impose any rules or expectations on the group, and lets them decide how to manage their own learning and behavior.

Choice A is wrong because having group members vote on what they would like to learn about during the session is an example of a democratic leadership style, not a laissez-faire one.

A democratic leader solicits input and feedback from the group, and makes decisions based on consensus and majority rule.

Choice B is wrong because lecturing about medication adverse effects to the group members is an example of an authoritarian leadership style, not a laissez-faire one.

An authoritarian leader dictates what the group should do and how they should do it, without considering their opinions or preferences.

Choice D is wrong because encouraging group members to remain silent until questions are called for is an example of a paternalistic leadership style, not a laissez-faire one.

A paternalistic leader treats the group as if they are incapable of making their own decisions, and assumes a protective and nurturing role over them.

Normal ranges for leadership styles are not applicable in this context, as different styles may be more or less effective depending on the situation and the goals of the group.

However, some general advantages and disadvantages of each style are:

• Laissez-faire: Advantages - fosters creativity, independence, and self-motivation; Disadvantages - may lead to chaos, confusion, and lack of accountability.
• Democratic: Advantages - promotes participation, collaboration, and satisfaction; Disadvantages - may be time-consuming, inefficient, and conflict-prone.
• Authoritarian: Advantages - provides clarity, direction, and control; Disadvantages - may cause resentment, resistance, and dependency.
• Paternalistic: Advantages - creates trust, loyalty, and commitment; Disadvantages - may inhibit growth, development, and empowerment.

The correct answer is choice D. Sit at or below the client’s eye level during feedings.

This action helps the client feel more comfortable and less intimidated by the nurse. It also allows the nurse to observe the client’s swallowing and signs of aspiration more easily.

Choice A is wrong because talking with the client during her feeding can distract her from swallowing properly and increase the risk of aspiration.

The nurse should encourage the client to focus on eating and avoid conversation until the feeding is over.

Choice B is wrong because discouraging the client from coughing during feedings can prevent her from clearing her airway and expelling any food particles that might have entered the trachea.

The nurse should monitor the client for coughing, choking, or changes in voice quality, which are indicators of aspiration.

Choice C is wrong because instructing the client to lift her chin when swallowing can actually make swallowing more difficult and increase the risk of aspiration.

The nurse should instruct the client to tuck her chin when swallowing, which helps close off the trachea and direct food into the esophagus.