A nurse in an obstetrics office is reviewing a client’s medical record. The client is a 28-year-old female at 24 weeks gestation.

Exhibits

For each client finding, click to specify if the finding is a biophysical, psychosocial, or environmental risk factor that increases the client’s risk for pregnancy complications. There must be at least 1 selection in every row. There does not need to be a selection in every column.

Choice A rationale

Persistent nausea and vomiting are common during the first trimester, but not to the extent seen in hyperemesis gravidarum, which involves severe and prolonged symptoms leading to dehydration and weight loss.

Choice B rationale

Hyperemesis gravidarum's exact cause is unknown, making it difficult to prevent. Risk factors include multiple pregnancies and a history of the condition, but no definitive prevention measures are established.

Choice C rationale

The chronic nausea, vomiting, and resultant physical debilitation of hyperemesis gravidarum significantly impact the quality of life, leading to anxiety and depression due to the persistent nature of the symptoms.

Choice D rationale

Hospitalization for rehydration and electrolyte balance restoration is often necessary for hyperemesis gravidarum due to severe dehydration from persistent vomiting and inability to retain fluids and nutrients.

Choice A rationale:

Chronic hypertension significantly increases the risk of complications such as preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and placental abruption. Normal blood pressure is <120/80 mmHg. Elevated blood pressure can damage blood vessels and organs, affecting placental function.

Choice B rationale:

A sedentary lifestyle can lead to excessive weight gain, gestational diabetes, and venous thromboembolism. Lack of physical activity is linked to poor cardiovascular health and increased risk of preeclampsia. Regular exercise is recommended to mitigate these risks.

Choice C rationale:

Occasional dizziness is common during pregnancy due to hormonal changes, increased blood volume, or postural hypotension. It is not a major risk factor for pregnancy complications unless associated with other symptoms like severe headache or visual disturbances.

Choice D rationale:

Consuming 1 cup of coffee daily (approximately 95 mg of caffeine) is generally considered safe during pregnancy. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists states that moderate caffeine intake (<200 mg/day) does not significantly increase the risk of pregnancy complications.