A nurse is administering furosemide IV bolus to a client who has fluid volume excess.

The nurse should recognize which of the following findings as an indication that the medication has been effective?

The leader allows the group to discuss whatever they would like to regarding their medications.

This is because a laissez-faire leadership style is characterized by minimal guidance and direction from the leader, and maximum freedom and autonomy for the followers.

The leader does not impose any rules or expectations on the group, and lets them decide how to manage their own learning and behavior.

Choice A is wrong because having group members vote on what they would like to learn about during the session is an example of a democratic leadership style, not a laissez-faire one.

A democratic leader solicits input and feedback from the group, and makes decisions based on consensus and majority rule.

Choice B is wrong because lecturing about medication adverse effects to the group members is an example of an authoritarian leadership style, not a laissez-faire one.

An authoritarian leader dictates what the group should do and how they should do it, without considering their opinions or preferences.

Choice D is wrong because encouraging group members to remain silent until questions are called for is an example of a paternalistic leadership style, not a laissez-faire one.

A paternalistic leader treats the group as if they are incapable of making their own decisions, and assumes a protective and nurturing role over them.

Normal ranges for leadership styles are not applicable in this context, as different styles may be more or less effective depending on the situation and the goals of the group.

However, some general advantages and disadvantages of each style are:

• Laissez-faire: Advantages - fosters creativity, independence, and self-motivation; Disadvantages - may lead to chaos, confusion, and lack of accountability.
• Democratic: Advantages - promotes participation, collaboration, and satisfaction; Disadvantages - may be time-consuming, inefficient, and conflict-prone.
• Authoritarian: Advantages - provides clarity, direction, and control; Disadvantages - may cause resentment, resistance, and dependency.
• Paternalistic: Advantages - creates trust, loyalty, and commitment; Disadvantages - may inhibit growth, development, and empowerment.

The correct answers are B and C.

Choice A Reason: Transferring a client who is receiving radiation therapy involves understanding the precautions and care associated with radiation, which may be beyond the training of assistive personnel (AP). Radiation therapy clients may have specific safety and transport protocols that require the expertise of licensed nursing staff.

Choice B Reason: Measuring vital signs for a client who requires contact precautions is a task that can be delegated to AP. Assistive personnel can be trained in infection control procedures and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), making them capable of measuring vital signs while adhering to contact precautions.

Choice C Reason: Recording urine output for a client who has a suprapubic catheter can be delegated to AP. This task involves measuring and documenting a quantifiable data point, which does not require the clinical judgment of a nurse. AP can be trained to accurately measure and record urine output.

Choice D Reason: Planning care for a client who has dysphagia is a complex task that involves assessment and clinical judgment, which are responsibilities of the licensed nurse. Dysphagia can have serious complications, and care plans must be tailored to each client’s needs, requiring the expertise of a nurse.