A nurse is assessing a client who has a history of opioid abuse and is experiencing withdrawal symptoms. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Hypertension, tachycardia, and diaphoresis

Hypotension, bradycardia, and constipation

Hypothermia, lethargy, and miosis

Hyperthermia, agitation, and mydriasis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Correct answer: a) Hypertension, tachycardia, and diaphoresis

Rationale: Opioid withdrawal symptoms are similar to those of sympathetic nervous system activation and include hypertension, tachycardia, diaphoresis, restlessness, anxiety, muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Incorrect choices:

b) Hypotension, bradycardia, and constipation: These are signs of opioid intoxication or overdose, not withdrawal.

c) Hypothermia, lethargy, and miosis: These are also signs of opioid intoxication or overdose, not withdrawal.

d) Hyperthermia, agitation, and mydriasis: These are signs of stimulant abuse or withdrawal, not opioid withdrawal.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Correct answer: b) Administer flumazenil (Romazicon)

Rationale: Flumazenil is an antidote for benzodiazepine overdose that works by blocking the benzodiazepine receptors in the brain. It can reverse the effects of benzodiazepines such as sedation, respiratory depression, and coma.

Incorrect choices:

a) Administer naloxone (Narcan): Naloxone is an antidote for opioid overdose that works by displacing opioids from their receptors in the brain. It has no effect on benzodiazepines or their receptors.

c) Administer activated charcoal: Activated charcoal is a substance that binds to drugs or toxins in the gastrointestinal tract and prevents their absorption into the bloodstream. It may be useful for some cases of drug overdose, but it is not effective for benzodiazepines as they are rapidly absorbed and distributed in the body.

d) Administer acetylcysteine (Mucomyst): Acetylcysteine is an antidote for acetaminophen overdose that works by replenishing glutathione, a substance that helps detoxify acetaminophen in the liver. It has no effect on benzodiazepines or their metabolism.

A. "I can drink alcohol as long as I skip the dose of disulfiram." B. "I should avoid using mouthwash that contains alcohol." C. "I will experience euphoria if I drink alcohol while taking disulfiram." D. "I can stop taking disulfiram once I have been sober for a month."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Correct answer: b) "I should avoid using mouthwash that contains alcohol."

Rationale: Disulfiram works by inhibiting the enzyme that metabolizes alcohol, causing a buildup of acetaldehyde in the body. This produces a severe reaction when alcohol is consumed, which includes flushing, headache, nausea, vomiting, chest pain, and hypotension. The reaction can occur even with small amounts of alcohol found in mouthwash, cough syrup, perfume, or food.

Incorrect choices:

a) "I can drink alcohol as long as I skip the dose of disulfiram.": This is incorrect as the effects of disulfiram can last for up to two weeks after the last dose. The client should abstain from alcohol completely while taking disulfiram and for at least 14 days after stopping the medication.

c) "I will experience euphoria if I drink alcohol while taking disulfiram.": This is incorrect as the reaction caused by disulfiram and alcohol is unpleasant and aversive, not euphoric. The purpose of disulfiram is to deter the client from drinking alcohol by creating a negative association.

d) "I can stop taking disulfiram once I have been sober for a month.": This is incorrect as disulfiram is not a cure for alcohol use disorder, but a tool to help the client maintain sobriety. The client should continue taking disulfiram as prescribed by the provider and participate in other forms of treatment such as counseling, support groups, and relapse prevention.

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A nurse is assessing a client who has a history of opioid abuse and is experiencing withdrawal symptoms. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Nursing Test Bank

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Correct Answer is B

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