A nurse is assessing a client who has a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as an indication of a microvascular complication?
Coronary artery disease
Retinopathy
Cerebrovascular accident
Hypertension
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. Coronary artery disease: This is a macrovascular complication of diabetes caused by atherosclerosis affecting large blood vessels, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart and increased risk of myocardial infarction. It does not involve small vessel damage.
B. Retinopathy: Diabetic retinopathy is a classic microvascular complication resulting from damage to the small blood vessels of the retina due to chronic hyperglycemia. Over time, it can lead to vision impairment and blindness if not managed appropriately.
C. Cerebrovascular accident: A stroke is considered a macrovascular complication involving large arteries that supply the brain. Diabetes increases the risk through mechanisms such as endothelial dysfunction and accelerated atherosclerosis.
D. Hypertension: Hypertension is a common comorbidity in people with diabetes and contributes to both micro- and macrovascular complications, but it is not itself classified as a direct microvascular complication of diabetes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. "I'm concerned because I'm so tired all the time.": Fatigue is a common manifestation of SLE caused by chronic inflammation, anemia, or medication effects. While it impacts daily function, it is not an immediate threat compared to signs of infection, which can become life-threatening quickly in immunosuppressed clients.
B. "I feel like I'm isolated from all my friends now.": Emotional concerns like isolation are important in managing chronic illness, but they are not urgent physical issues. Addressing psychosocial health is necessary, but it does not take precedence over symptoms that may indicate infection or disease flare.
C. "I've had a fever the last couple of days.": Fever is a priority concern in clients with SLE as it may signal an active infection or disease flare. Immunosuppressive therapy increases the risk of severe infections, which can rapidly worsen if not treated promptly, making this the most urgent issue.
D. "I have a lot of questions about this disease.": Education is vital for long-term disease management and patient empowerment. However, it is not an immediate priority when signs of acute illness, such as fever, are present and require prompt clinical attention.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. "I can resume sexual intercourse in 48 hours.": Sexual intercourse should be avoided for approximately 3 to 4 weeks after a LEEP to allow proper healing of the cervix and reduce the risk of infection or bleeding. Resuming sexual activity too soon can disrupt tissue recovery.
B. "I can expect some heavy vaginal bleeding for 24 hours.": Heavy vaginal bleeding is not expected after a LEEP and should be reported promptly. Light spotting or a brownish discharge for a few days is normal, but significant bleeding can indicate complications.
C. "I can use tampons when my period comes in a week.": Clients are advised to avoid inserting anything into the vagina, including tampons, for several weeks post-procedure. This helps prevent infection and allows the cervical tissue to heal fully.
D. "I may have mild cramping for several hours.": Mild cramping for a few hours after the procedure is a common and expected response due to cervical manipulation. This symptom typically resolves on its own or with over-the-counter pain relief.
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