A nurse is assessing a client who has a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as an indication of a microvascular complication?
Coronary artery disease
Retinopathy
Cerebrovascular accident
Hypertension
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. Coronary artery disease: This is a macrovascular complication of diabetes caused by atherosclerosis affecting large blood vessels, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart and increased risk of myocardial infarction. It does not involve small vessel damage.
B. Retinopathy: Diabetic retinopathy is a classic microvascular complication resulting from damage to the small blood vessels of the retina due to chronic hyperglycemia. Over time, it can lead to vision impairment and blindness if not managed appropriately.
C. Cerebrovascular accident: A stroke is considered a macrovascular complication involving large arteries that supply the brain. Diabetes increases the risk through mechanisms such as endothelial dysfunction and accelerated atherosclerosis.
D. Hypertension: Hypertension is a common comorbidity in people with diabetes and contributes to both micro- and macrovascular complications, but it is not itself classified as a direct microvascular complication of diabetes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Close the pinch clamp on the CVC: Clamping the catheter is important to stop further air entry, but placing the client in the proper position takes priority to trap the air and prevent it from reaching the pulmonary circulation.
B. Obtain a prescription for stat ABGs: ABGs may help assess respiratory compromise, but they are not the immediate action. This diagnostic step should follow emergency interventions that prevent further complications from an air embolism.
C. Place the client in left Trendelenburg position: This is the priority action because it helps trap any air in the right atrium and prevents it from entering the pulmonary arteries, reducing the risk of a fatal air embolism. Positioning the client correctly is a critical first step in managing suspected air embolism.
D. Check the tubing for placement of a locking adaptor: Verifying equipment setup is important for preventing future incidents, but it does not address the client’s current critical condition. Immediate positioning takes precedence.
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Ferrous sulfate: Ferrous sulfate is an iron supplement and does not directly interact with warfarin's anticoagulant effect. While some mild interactions are possible, it is not generally contraindicated unless specifically advised due to individual clinical conditions.
B. Aspirin: Aspirin has antiplatelet effects and can increase the risk of bleeding when taken with warfarin. The combination enhances anticoagulation and significantly raises the chance of gastrointestinal or systemic bleeding.
C. Naproxen: Naproxen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that can interfere with platelet function and irritate the gastrointestinal lining, increasing the risk of bleeding when combined with warfarin.
D. Echinacea: Echinacea may interfere with liver enzyme activity and affect the metabolism of warfarin, potentially altering its effectiveness. Herbal supplements can cause unpredictable interactions and should generally be avoided while on warfarin.
E. Dextromethorphan: Dextromethorphan is a common cough suppressant and does not have significant interactions with warfarin. It is generally considered safe for occasional use in clients taking anticoagulants.
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