A nurse is assessing a client who has chronic pain. The nurse should identify which of the following findings is associated with chronic pain?

Constricted pupils

Bradycardia

Diaphoresis

Depression

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A Reason: Constricted Pupils

Constricted pupils, also known as miosis, are typically associated with opioid use or exposure to certain toxins. While opioids are sometimes used to manage chronic pain, constricted pupils are not a direct result of chronic pain itself. Therefore, this option is not the correct answer.

Choice B Reason: Bradycardia

Bradycardia, or a slower than normal heart rate, is not commonly associated with chronic pain. Chronic pain can lead to various physiological responses, but a significant reduction in heart rate is not typically one of them. This makes bradycardia an unlikely choice.

Choice C Reason: Diaphoresis

Diaphoresis, or excessive sweating, is more commonly associated with acute pain or stress responses rather than chronic pain. Chronic pain tends to have more long-term psychological and physiological effects rather than immediate autonomic responses like sweating. Hence, this is not the correct answer.

Choice D Reason: Depression

Depression is a well-documented consequence of chronic pain. Chronic pain can significantly impact a person’s quality of life, leading to feelings of hopelessness, sadness, and a lack of interest in daily activities. The persistent nature of chronic pain often results in psychological distress, making depression a common finding in individuals suffering from chronic pain.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Refrigerating the solution before irrigation is not recommended. The solution should be at room temperature to avoid causing discomfort or vasoconstriction, which can impede the healing process.

Choice B Reason:

Administering an analgesic medication 5 minutes before starting irrigation is correct. This action helps manage the client’s pain during the procedure, ensuring comfort and compliance.

Choice C Reason:

Using one pair of gloves for both dressing removal and irrigation is incorrect. The nurse should use separate pairs of gloves to prevent cross-contamination and maintain aseptic technique.

Choice D Reason:

Using a syringe with a catheter for wound irrigation is correct practice. This method allows for controlled and directed irrigation, ensuring the wound is properly cleaned.

A. Wait 5 minutes between the administration of each medication. B. Ask the client to close their eyes tightly after instilling each medication. C. Hold the dropper 3 cm (1.2 in) away from the client’s eye. D. Massage the client’s eyelids for 20 seconds after instillation.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A Reason

Waiting 5 minutes between the administration of each medication is the most appropriate action. This allows each medication to be absorbed properly without being washed away by the subsequent drops. Adequate absorption ensures that each medication can exert its therapeutic effect effectively.

Choice B Reason

Asking the client to close their eyes tightly after instilling each medication is not recommended. This action can force the medication out of the eye, reducing its effectiveness. Instead, clients should be advised to close their eyes gently to allow the medication to spread evenly across the eye surface.

Choice C Reason

Holding the dropper 3 cm (1.2 in) away from the client’s eye is too far. The recommended distance is about 1 to 2 cm (0.4 to 0.8 in) to ensure that the drops are accurately placed in the conjunctival sac without touching the eye or eyelashes, which could cause contamination.

Choice D Reason

Massaging the client’s eyelids for 20 seconds after instillation is not a standard practice for administering ophthalmic drops. This action could potentially irritate the eye or cause discomfort. Instead, gentle pressure can be applied to the inner corner of the eye (nasolacrimal duct) for a few seconds to prevent the medication from draining into the tear duct.

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A nurse is assessing a client who has chronic pain. The nurse should identify which of the following findings is associated with chronic pain?

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