A nurse is assessing a client who has had diarrhea for several days.
Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Choice A rationale

Neobladder urinary diversion involves creating an internal reservoir or pouch from a segment of the intestine to store urine. This new bladder is then connected to the urethra, enabling the client to void through the urethra. This method closely mimics natural urination, allowing the client to have some control over urination.

Choice B rationale

This is incorrect because a neobladder is designed to allow the client to control urination. While there might be a learning curve for the client to adapt to the new bladder, the ultimate goal is to achieve continence.

Choice C rationale

This describes an ileal conduit, another type of urinary diversion, where a stoma is created on the abdomen for urine to pass into an external bag. The neobladder does not involve a stoma for urination.

Choice D rationale

This is incorrect as it pertains to an ileal conduit or urostomy. Clients with a neobladder do not require an external collection bag since urine is stored internally in the constructed bladder and can be passed through the urethra. .

Choice A rationale

Toxic levels refer to concentrations of a medication that are high enough to cause harmful effects or poisoning. This is not related to the lowest serum concentration.

Choice B rationale

Peak levels are the highest concentration of a medication in the bloodstream after administration. This occurs after the drug is absorbed and distributed.

Choice C rationale

Trough levels occur when the medication is at its lowest concentration in the bloodstream, typically just before the next dose is due. Monitoring trough levels helps ensure therapeutic effectiveness while avoiding toxicity.

Choice D rationale

Half-life refers to the time it takes for the concentration of a drug in the bloodstream to decrease by half. It is not directly related to the lowest serum concentration at a specific point in time.