A nurse is assessing a client's pain level. Which pain assessment tool is commonly used for self-reporting pain in adults?

Choice A Rationale: Acetaminophen is commonly used for pain relief, but it is not specifically effective for neuropathic pain. It primarily works by reducing fever and mild pain, but it does not target nerve-related pain. Not recommended as the primary choice for neuropathic pain management.

Choice B Rationale: Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that helps reduce inflammation and relieve pain. However, it is not the best choice for neuropathic pain. While it may provide some relief for general pain, it does not specifically address neuropathic pain caused by nerve damage. Not recommended as the primary choice for neuropathic pain management.

Choice C Rationale: Morphine is a potent opioid analgesic commonly used for severe pain, including cancer-related pain. However, it is not the first-line treatment for neuropathic pain. Opioids have significant side effects, including the risk of addiction, constipation, and sedation. Not the ideal choice for managing neuropathic pain due to its potential risks and lack of specificity.

Choice D Rationale: Gabapentin is an anticonvulsant medication that has been widely used for neuropathic pain management. It works by modulating calcium channels in nerve cells, reducing abnormal electrical activity and providing pain relief. Recommended for neuropathic pain, especially when other options have failed. Commonly used doses range from 300 mg to 1800 mg per day, divided into multiple doses. Side effects may include dizziness, drowsiness, and weight gain. Regular monitoring and dose adjustments are necessary.

Answer: c. Infants and young children

Explanation: The FLACC Pain Assessment Scale is primarily designed for assessing pain in infants and young children who may not be able to self-report pain. It assesses facial expression, leg movement, activity, cry, and consolability.

a. Pain assessment tools designed for adults, such as the Numeric Rating Scale or Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale, are more appropriate for assessing pain in adults.

b. There are specific pain assessment tools for older adults that take into account age-related changes in pain perception, but the FLACC scale is not primarily designed for this population.

d. Individuals with cognitive impairment may require pain assessment tools specific to their condition, such as the PAINAD Scale, but the FLACC scale is primarily used for infants and young children.