A nurse is assessing an 8-month-old infant for cerebral palsy. Which of the following findings is a manifestation of the condition?
Can always track an object with eyes
Needs support with pillow props for sitting
Uses a pincer grasp to pick up a toy
Smiles when a parent appears
The Correct Answer is B
A. Can always track an object with eyes:
The ability to track an object with the eyes typically develops in infants around 2 to 3 months of age. This developmental milestone is not specific to cerebral palsy and is generally expected in healthy infants.
B. Needs support with pillow props for sitting
Explanation:
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of permanent movement disorders that appear in early childhood. It is caused by abnormal development or damage to the parts of the brain that control movement, balance, and posture. The symptoms of cerebral palsy can vary widely, but they are generally related to motor function and coordination.
The manifestation of needing support with pillow props for sitting is consistent with the motor impairments often seen in cerebral palsy. Children with cerebral palsy may have difficulties with muscle control and coordination, which can affect their ability to sit independently. The need for external support to maintain a sitting position is indicative of motor developmental delays or challenges associated with cerebral palsy.
C. Uses a pincer grasp to pick up a toy:
The pincer grasp, where a child uses the thumb and index finger to pick up small objects, usually develops around 9 to 12 months of age. This developmental milestone is not directly associated with cerebral palsy and is part of normal infant development.
D. Smiles when a parent appears:
Smiling in response to familiar faces, including parents, is a social and emotional developmental milestone that typically occurs around 2 to 3 months of age. While cerebral palsy can affect motor function, it does not directly impact an infant's ability to express emotions like smiling.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Reflexes play a crucial role in evaluating the neurological status of infants.
Moro reflex: Also known as the startle reflex, the Moro reflex is a normal response in infants. It occurs when an infant is startled by a sudden noise or movement. The baby responds by extending their arms and legs, followed by a quick contraction. This reflex usually disappears around 4-6 months of age.
Tonic neck reflex (fencer's reflex): This reflex involves turning an infant's head to one side, causing the arm on that side to extend and the opposite arm to flex. It's a normal reflex that typically disappears around 4-6 months of age.
Withdrawal reflex: The withdrawal reflex is a normal response to a stimulus, such as touching a baby's foot with a cold object. The baby will pull their leg away in response to the stimulus.
Symptomatic of decorticate or decerebrate posturing (options A and B):
Decorticate and decerebrate posturing are abnormal postures seen in individuals with severe brain damage or injury. Decorticate posturing involves the arms being flexed and held close to the body, while decerebrate posturing involves the arms being extended and the wrists being pronated. These reflexes are typically indicative of significant neurological dysfunction and are not expected in a 2-month-old infant after a car accident.
Indicators of severe brain damage (option C):
The reflexes described (Moro, tonic neck, and withdrawal reflexes) are not indicative of severe brain damage in a 2-month-old infant. These reflexes are normal for an infant of this age and are part of their typical neurological development.
Normal findings (option D):
The reflexes described are normal findings in a 2-month-old infant and are expected as part of their developmental milestones.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a condition where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Individuals with type 1 diabetes require insulin therapy to manage their blood sugar levels. Since the question is about teaching an adolescent with type 1 diabetes, let's analyze each option:
A) Obtain an influenza vaccine annually:
This is a crucial recommendation. People with diabetes, including type 1 diabetes, have a higher risk of complications from infections, including influenza (the flu). The flu can lead to elevated blood sugar levels and potentially worsen diabetes control. Getting an annual influenza vaccine helps reduce the risk of getting the flu and its associated complications.
B) Take glyburide with breakfast:
Glyburide is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes, not type 1 diabetes. It stimulates the pancreas to produce more insulin. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by a lack of insulin production, so taking glyburide would not be appropriate.
C) Administer glucagon for hyperglycemia:
Glucagon is a hormone used to raise blood sugar levels, typically in cases of severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). It is not used to treat hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) in type 1 diabetes. Instead, insulin administration is the primary method for managing high blood sugar levels.
D) Inject insulin in the deltoid muscle:
Insulin injections for individuals with type 1 diabetes are typically given in the subcutaneous fat, which is found just beneath the skin. The deltoid muscle is not a recommended site for insulin injections due to inconsistent absorption. The abdomen, thighs, and buttocks are commonly recommended injection sites.
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