A nurse is assessing an older adult client who reports a sudden onset of urinary incontinence. The nurse should recognize which of the following conditions is most likely to cause incontinence in the older adult client?
Cystitis
Nephrosclerosis
Diverticulitis
Uremia
The Correct Answer is A
A. Cystitis, or a urinary tract infection (UTI), is a common cause of sudden-onset urinary incontinence in older adults. UTIs can lead to irritation of the bladder, increasing the urgency and frequency of urination, and sometimes causing incontinence.
B. Nephrosclerosis involves the hardening of the renal arteries, which can lead to chronic kidney disease, but it is not a typical cause of sudden-onset urinary incontinence.
C. Diverticulitis affects the colon and does not directly cause urinary incontinence. It is more associated with gastrointestinal symptoms like abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits.
D. Uremia is a condition resulting from severe kidney dysfunction, leading to the accumulation of waste products in the blood, but it does not directly cause sudden-onset urinary incontinence.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Vitamin E requirements do not decline during pregnancy. In fact, pregnant women need adequate levels of vitamin E for its antioxidant properties and support of fetal development.
B. While iron needs increase during pregnancy, they do not require doubling. The typical recommendation is an additional 27 mg of iron per day during pregnancy, not double the usual intake.
C. Prenatal vitamins generally provide an adequate amount of vitamin D, but it might not be sufficient for everyone. Depending on individual needs and exposure to sunlight, additional vitamin D supplements may be necessary.
D. During breastfeeding, calcium needs increase to support both maternal bone health and adequate calcium supply for the infant through breast milk. It is important to increase calcium intake to meet these elevated needs.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Uteroplacental insufficiency typically causes late decelerations, which occur after the peak of a contraction due to inadequate blood flow to the placenta.
B. Fetal head compression typically causes early decelerations, which mirror the contraction pattern and occur at the peak of the contraction.
C. While IV narcotics can affect fetal heart rate, variable decelerations are not specifically related to their administration.
D. Variable decelerations are commonly caused by umbilical cord compression, which can disrupt blood flow and lead to a variable drop in fetal heart rate that is not consistently timed with contractions.
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