A nurse is assessing the cognitive development of a preschooler. The nurse should expect the child to be in which of the following phases?

Concrete operational

Formal operational

Preoperational

Sensorimotor

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: The concrete operational phase typically begins around age 7 and is characterized by the development of logical thought about concrete events. This phase is not typical for preschoolers, who are usually between the ages of 3 and 5.

Choice B reason: The formal operational phase usually starts at age 11 or older. It involves abstract thinking and the ability to systematically plan for the future, which is beyond the cognitive abilities of a preschooler.

Choice C reason: The preoperational phase occurs from ages 2 to 7. During this stage, children begin to engage in symbolic play and learn to manipulate symbols, but they do not yet understand concrete logic.

Choice D reason: The sensorimotor phase is from birth to about age 2. During this stage, infants learn about the world through their senses and actions, such as looking and touching. Preschoolers have typically moved beyond this phase.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Producing tears when crying is not typically a sign of severe dehydration. In fact, the ability to produce tears may suggest that the infant is not severely dehydrated.

Choice B reason: A sunken anterior fontanel is a classic sign of severe dehydration in infants. The fontanel, which is the soft spot on the top of a baby's head, can appear sunken when there is significant fluid loss.

Choice C reason: While weight loss can be a sign of dehydration, a 5% weight loss alone does not necessarily indicate severe dehydration. Other clinical signs should also be considered.

Choice D reason: A capillary refill time of 3 seconds is at the upper limit of normal. Prolonged capillary refill time can be a sign of dehydration, but it is not as specific as a sunken anterior fontanel for severe dehydration.

A. Recommend the adolescent use a wheelchair to prevent stress on the lower extremities. B. Avoid influenza and pneumococcal vaccines for 24 months. C. Initiate a referral for chest physiotherapy every 4 hours. D. Encourage the adolescent to perform incentive spirometry to maintain lung capacity.

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Recommending the use of a wheelchair can help prevent stress on the lower extremities, which is important for an adolescent with muscular dystrophy. This condition can lead to muscle weakness and using a wheelchair can aid in mobility and independence.

Choice B reason: Avoiding influenza and pneumococcal vaccines is not recommended. Vaccinations are important for preventing infections, especially in individuals with compromised health conditions like muscular dystrophy.

Choice C reason: Initiating a referral for chest physiotherapy every 4 hours can be beneficial for an adolescent with muscular dystrophy. This therapy can help clear mucus from the lungs and improve respiratory function, which is often compromised in this condition.

Choice D reason: Encouraging the adolescent to perform incentive spirometry is important to maintain lung capacity. Muscular dystrophy can affect the muscles used for breathing, and incentive spirometry can help strengthen these muscles and improve respiratory health.

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A nurse is assessing the cognitive development of a preschooler. The nurse should expect the child to be in which of the following phases?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a 6-month-old infant who has gastroenteritis. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of severe dehydration?

Correct Answer is B

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A nurse is creating a plan of care for an adolescent who has muscular dystrophy. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

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