A nurse is assessing the cognitive development of a preschooler. The nurse should expect the child to be in which of the following phases?
Concrete operational
Formal operational
Preoperational
Sensorimotor
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: The concrete operational phase typically begins around age 7 and is characterized by the development of logical thought about concrete events. This phase is not typical for preschoolers, who are usually between the ages of 3 and 5.
Choice B reason: The formal operational phase usually starts at age 11 or older. It involves abstract thinking and the ability to systematically plan for the future, which is beyond the cognitive abilities of a preschooler.
Choice C reason: The preoperational phase occurs from ages 2 to 7. During this stage, children begin to engage in symbolic play and learn to manipulate symbols, but they do not yet understand concrete logic.
Choice D reason: The sensorimotor phase is from birth to about age 2. During this stage, infants learn about the world through their senses and actions, such as looking and touching. Preschoolers have typically moved beyond this phase.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Assessing the child's pulse and respirations can indicate pain through physiological changes, but these signs can be influenced by other factors and may not provide an accurate measure of pain intensity.
Choice B reason: Observing the child's facial expressions can give some indication of pain, but it is subjective and may not accurately reflect the child's pain experience, especially if the child is trying to hide their discomfort.
Choice C reason: Asking the child to use a FACES rating scale allows the child to actively participate in communicating their pain level. This method is age-appropriate and provides a visual way for children to express the intensity of their pain, making it a reliable assessment technique.
Choice D reason: Monitoring the child's involuntary movements can provide clues about pain, but like facial expressions, they are subjective and may not accurately quantify the child's pain level.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Avoiding the removal of the cream prior to the procedure is important, but it does not specify when or how the cream should be applied, which is crucial for its effectiveness.
Choice B reason: Rubbing the cream into the skin is not recommended as it should be applied as a thick layer and covered with an occlusive dressing to ensure proper absorption and numbing effect.
Choice C reason: Applying the cream 1 hour before the procedure allows enough time for the lidocaine and prilocaine to take effect, providing adequate local anesthesia for the insertion of the IV catheter.
Choice D reason: Washing the site with alcohol prior to applying the cream is necessary to clean the area, but it is not the action that addresses the primary goal of numbing the site for the procedure.
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