A nurse is assessing the therapeutic International Normalized Ratio (INR) range for a patient receiving Warfarin. Which INR range below is therapeutic?

Choice A reason: Walking is a highly beneficial activity for individuals with peripheral vascular disease (PVD). It helps improve circulation, which can be compromised in PVD due to narrowed or blocked blood vessels. Regular walking can lead to the development of collateral circulation, which is the formation of new blood vessels that bypass the blockages and improve blood flow to the affected areas. This can help alleviate symptoms such as pain and cramping during walking, known as claudication. Walking should be done at a pace that is comfortable and should be stopped if pain occurs. Over time, walking can increase the distance a person with PVD can walk without pain.

Choice B reason: Compression stockings are often recommended for individuals with PVD to help improve blood flow. Knee-length stockings exert pressure on the lower legs, helping to reduce edema and discomfort associated with PVD. They can also help prevent deep vein thrombosis, a potential complication of PVD.

Choice C reason: Elevating the legs can help reduce swelling and improve venous return in clients with PVD. It is recommended to elevate the legs above the level of the heart to maximize the effect. This can be done by placing pillows under the legs while lying down.

Choice D reason: Shopping for shoes in the morning is advised because feet can swell throughout the day, especially in clients with PVD. Fitting shoes in the morning can help ensure a more accurate fit, reducing the risk of pressure points that could lead to skin breakdown and ulcers.

Choice A reason : Applying ice to the extremity is not a standard intervention for DVT. Ice is typically used to reduce inflammation and pain, but in the case of DVT, the priority is to prevent the clot from growing and embolizing. The use of warmth, not cold, may be recommended to help reduce discomfort and swelling.

Choice B reason : Administering vasodilating medications is not a typical intervention for DVT. Vasodilators are used to widen blood vessels and improve blood flow, but they do not address the risk of clot formation or embolization associated with DVT. The mainstay of medical treatment for DVT is anticoagulant therapy, which helps to prevent further clotting.

Choice C reason : Restricting oral fluids is not an intervention for DVT. Adequate hydration is important in the management of DVT as it can help to prevent blood from thickening and reduce the risk of further clot formation. There is no indication to restrict fluids unless there is another underlying condition that requires it.

Choice D reason : Monitoring platelet levels is an important intervention in the care of a client with DVT, especially if they are receiving anticoagulant therapy. Anticoagulants can affect platelet function and count, and monitoring is necessary to ensure safe levels and prevent complications such as bleeding or thrombocytopenia.