A nurse is assisting in the care of a newborn immediately after birth. At 5 min after birth, the newborn has acrocyanosis, flexed extremities, a grimace when suctioned, a heart rate of 130/min, and a lusty cry with tactile stimulation. What should the nurse document as the newborn's 5-min Apgar score?

Choice A rationale:

Abdominal pain with minimal red vaginal bleeding may not be as concerning as other options. While it could be a sign of placenta previa, it is not as specific or significant as the finding in Choice B.

Choice B rationale:

A large amount of bright red vaginal bleeding without pain is a significant finding that is highly suggestive of placenta previa. Placenta previa occurs when the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix, and vaginal bleeding is a common symptom. The bright red colour indicates active bleeding, and the absence of pain is noteworthy as placenta previa bleeding is typically painless.

Choice C rationale:

Severe abdominal pain with increasing fundal height is not a typical sign of placenta previa. While abdominal pain can be associated with various pregnancy complications, it is not a specific finding for this condition.

Choice D rationale:

Intermittent abdominal pain following the passage of bloody mucus could be related to other issues, such as preterm labor or cervical changes. While bleeding may be present in placenta previa, the pain and passage of mucus are not characteristic features of this condition.

Choice A rationale:

Painless, bright red vaginal bleeding at 36 weeks gestation is indicative of placenta previa. Placenta previa is a condition in which the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix, leading to bleeding as the cervix begins to efface and dilate. The bright red color of the blood is due to its fresh origin from the exposed placental vessels. This condition is painless because the bleeding occurs without uterine contractions.

Choice B rationale:

Preterm labor is not the correct answer in this scenario. Preterm labor refers to the onset of regular uterine contractions leading to cervical changes before 37 weeks of gestation. In this case, the key indicator is painless bleeding, which is not associated with uterine contractions.

Choice C rationale:

Threatened abortion is also not the correct answer. Threatened abortion is the term used when a pregnant woman experiences vaginal bleeding, but the cervix is closed, indicating that there is still a chance for the pregnancy to continue. However, the bleeding in placenta previa is unrelated to fetal viability and is specifically caused by the placental position.

Choice D rationale:

Abruptio placentae is not the correct answer either. Abruptio placentae, also known as placental abruption, is a condition where the placenta prematurely separates from the uterine wall before delivery. This can cause painful bleeding due to the blood being trapped between the placenta and uterine wall. In the given scenario, the bleeding is described as painless, which does not align with the characteristics of abruptio placentae.