A nurse is assisting with the care of a newborn immediately following birth. Which of the following medications should the nurse expect to administer? (Select all that apply.).
Lidocaine gel to the umbilical stump.
Hepatitis B immunization.
Phytonadione injection.
Antibiotic ophthalmic ointment.
Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (Hib).
Correct Answer : B,C,D
Choice A:
Lidocaine gel to the umbilical stump is not a medication that the nurse should expect to administer to a newborn immediately following birth. Lidocaine gel is a topical anesthetic that is used to numb the skin before procedures such as injections or sutures. It is not indicated for the umbilical stump, which does not require any anesthesia.
Choice B:
Hepatitis B immunization is a medication that the nurse should expect to administer to a newborn immediately following birth. Hepatitis B is a viral infection that can cause liver damage and cancer. The immunization protects the newborn from contracting the infection from the mother or other sources. The immunization is given as an intramuscular injection in the anterolateral thigh within 12 hours of birth.
Choice C:
Phytonadione injection is a medication that the nurse should expect to administer to a newborn immediately following birth. Phytonadione is also known as vitamin K, which is essential for blood clotting. Newborns have low levels of vitamin K at birth, which puts them at risk of bleeding disorders such as hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. The injection is given as a single dose of 0.5 to 1 mg in the vastus lateralis muscle within 1 hour of birth.
Choice D:
Antibiotic ophthalmic ointment is a medication that the nurse should expect to administer to a newborn immediately following birth. Antibiotic ophthalmic ointment prevents eye infections caused by bacteria such as gonorrhea or chlamydia, which can be transmitted from the mother during delivery. The ointment is applied to both eyes within 1 hour of birth.
Choice E:
Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (Hib) is not a medication that the nurse should expect to administer to a newborn immediately following birth. Hib is a bacterial infection that can cause meningitis, pneumonia, and other serious illnesses. The vaccine protects the newborn from Hib infection, but it is not given at birth. The vaccine is part of the routine immunization schedule and is usually given at 2, 4, and 6 months of age.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason:
FAS is caused by alcohol, and NAS is caused by opioids. This is the correct answer because FAS stands for fetal alcohol syndrome, which is a group of physical and mental defects that can occur in a baby when a woman drinks alcohol during pregnancy. NAS stands for neonatal abstinence syndrome, which is a group of problems that can happen when a baby is exposed to opioid drugs for a length of time while in their mother's womb.
Choice B reason:
FAS and NAS are both incurable. This is incorrect because FAS and NAS have different outcomes. FAS is incurable because the effects of alcohol on the developing brain and body are permanent. NAS, however, can be treated with medication and supportive care to help the baby cope with withdrawal symptoms and prevent complications.
Choice C reason:
FAS and NAS are both curable. This is incorrect because FAS is not curable, as explained above. NAS can be treated, but not cured, because some babies may have long-term problems such as developmental delays, behavioral issues, or learning difficulties.
Choice D reason:
FAS is caused by analgesics and NAS is caused by NSAIDs. This is incorrect because FAS is caused by alcohol, not analgesics, which are painkillers. NAS is caused by opioids, not NSAIDs, which are anti-inflammatory drugs. Analgesics and NSAIDs do not cause the same type of damage to the fetus or the newborn as alcohol and opioids do.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Hypertonia is not a characteristic of a preterm infant, but rather of a post-term infant. Hypertonia means increased muscle tone or stiffness, which is more common in infants who are overdue. Preterm infants have poor muscle tone and less subcutaneous fat.
Choice B reason:
Long toenails are also not a characteristic of a preterm infant but of a post-term infant. Long toenails indicate that the infant has grown beyond the expected gestational age. Preterm infants have short and brittle nails.
Choice C reason:
Lanugo is a characteristic of a preterm infant. Lanugo is fine, downy hair that covers the body of the fetus. It usually disappears by the 36th week of gestation, but preterm infants may still have it at birth.
Choice D reason:
Dry skin is not a characteristic of a preterm infant but of a post-term infant. Dry skin indicates that the infant has lost moisture and subcutaneous fat due to prolonged exposure to the amniotic fluid. Preterm infants have thin and transparent skin that may be covered by vernix caseosa, a white, cheesy substance that protects the skin from the amniotic fluid.
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