A nurse is caring for a child who has nosebleed. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Place the child in a sitting position and tilt her head back.

Apply ice at the opening of the nares for 5 min and then re-check for bleeding.

Have the child sit with her head tilted forward and hold pressure on her nose for 10 min.

Place the child in a supine position with a pillow under her head.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Place the child in a sitting position and tilt her head back: Tilting the head back risks blood aspiration or swallowing, which can cause nausea or vomiting.

B. Apply ice at the opening of the nares for 5 minutes and then re-check for bleeding: Ice may help, but direct pressure is the first-line intervention.

C. Have the child sit with her head tilted forward and hold pressure on her nose for 10 min: This is the appropriate action to stop bleeding and prevent blood from entering the airway or stomach.

D. Place the child in a supine position with a pillow under her head: This position is unsafe as it can lead to blood pooling in the back of the throat.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Methylprednisolone: Methylprednisolone is a corticosteroid used to reduce inflammation but is not the first-line treatment for an acute asthma attack. It is used in the management of longer-term control and inflammation after the initial symptoms are managed.

B. Albuterol: Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) that provides quick relief by dilating the airways. It is the first medication given during an acute asthma attack to relieve bronchospasm and improve airflow.

C. Montelukast: Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist used for long-term control and prevention of asthma symptoms but is not used in an acute asthma attack.

D. Fluticasone: Fluticasone is an inhaled corticosteroid used for long-term management of asthma to reduce inflammation, but it is not effective in treating an acute asthma attack.

A. Check for iodine or shellfish allergies prior to the procedure B. Place an NPO status for 12 hours prior to the procedure C. Elevate the affected extremity following the procedure. D. Limit fluid intake following the procedure.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Check for iodine or shellfish allergies prior to the procedure: Cardiac catheterization often involves the use of a contrast dye that contains iodine. If the child has an allergy to iodine or shellfish, there is an increased risk of an allergic reaction to the dye.

B. Place an NPO status for 12 hours prior to the procedure: NPO status typically is required for a few hours before a procedure involving anesthesia or sedation, but not necessarily for 12 hours. The specific time frame should be determined by the healthcare provider.

C. Elevate the affected extremity following the procedure: After cardiac catheterization, the affected extremity should typically be kept straight and immobilized to prevent bleeding or hematoma formation. Elevating the extremity may not be advisable.

D. Limit fluid intake following the procedure: After cardiac catheterization, the child should be encouraged to drink fluids to help flush the contrast dye from their system, unless contraindicated by other factors.

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