A nurse is monitoring an infant who is 3 months old and has sneezing, coughing, nasal congestion, intermittent fever, and apneic spells. These nurse should recognize these findings are associated with which of the following diagnoses?
Epiglottitis
Bronchiolitis
Influenza
Croup
The Correct Answer is B
A. Epiglottitis
Epiglottitis typically presents with rapid onset of severe sore throat, high fever, difficulty swallowing, and drooling due to inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis. It is a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention but is less likely to present with the described symptoms.
B. Bronchiolitis
Bronchiolitis commonly occurs in infants and young children, often during the winter months. It is characterized by symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, nasal congestion, fever, and
respiratory distress. The described symptoms, including coughing, nasal congestion, and intermittent fever, align with bronchiolitis.
C. Influenza
Influenza typically presents with symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, and fatigue. While coughing and fever are common symptoms of influenza, the presence of apneic spells is less typical of influenza and more indicative of lower respiratory tract infections like bronchiolitis.
D. Croup
Croup is characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, and respiratory distress often accompanied by stridor. While croup shares some symptoms with bronchiolitis, such as coughing, the absence of stridor in the description suggests bronchiolitis as a more likely diagnosis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Congenital anomalies: While congenital anomalies can contribute to infant mortality, they are not the leading cause of death among infants.
B. Respiratory distress: Respiratory distress can be a significant concern in newborns, especially premature infants, but it is not the leading cause of death among infants overall.
C. Low birth weight: Low birth weight is a risk factor for various health complications in infants, but it is not the leading cause of death among infants.
D. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): SIDS is the sudden and unexplained death of an otherwise healthy infant, typically during sleep. It is the leading cause of death among infants aged 1 month to 1 year, making it an essential consideration in health promotion and education efforts for parents.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Eruption of the last four molars: This characteristic typically occurs during adolescence but may vary individually. However, it is not universal among all teenagers and does not apply to both genders equally.
B. Increased shoulder, chest, and hip widths: During adolescence, both boys and girls experience growth spurts, leading to increased shoulder, chest, and hip widths as part of their overall physical development.
C. Decreased respiratory rates of 15 to 20 breaths per minutE. Respiratory rates in teenagers generally remain within the normal adult range, typically between 12 and 20 breaths per minute. There is no consistent decrease in respiratory rates during adolescence.
D. Fully functioning sweat and sebaceous glands: Sweat and sebaceous glands are typically fully developed and functional by adolescence. This characteristic is not specific to teenagers but applies to individuals of all ages once these glands have matured.
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