A nurse is monitoring an infant who is 3 months old and has sneezing, coughing, nasal congestion, intermittent fever, and apneic spells. These nurse should recognize these findings are associated with which of the following diagnoses?
Epiglottitis
Bronchiolitis
Influenza
Croup
The Correct Answer is B
A. Epiglottitis
Epiglottitis typically presents with rapid onset of severe sore throat, high fever, difficulty swallowing, and drooling due to inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis. It is a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention but is less likely to present with the described symptoms.
B. Bronchiolitis
Bronchiolitis commonly occurs in infants and young children, often during the winter months. It is characterized by symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, nasal congestion, fever, and
respiratory distress. The described symptoms, including coughing, nasal congestion, and intermittent fever, align with bronchiolitis.
C. Influenza
Influenza typically presents with symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, and fatigue. While coughing and fever are common symptoms of influenza, the presence of apneic spells is less typical of influenza and more indicative of lower respiratory tract infections like bronchiolitis.
D. Croup
Croup is characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, and respiratory distress often accompanied by stridor. While croup shares some symptoms with bronchiolitis, such as coughing, the absence of stridor in the description suggests bronchiolitis as a more likely diagnosis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Stands on one foot for a few seconds: By age 3, children typically begin to develop the ability to stand briefly on one foot, although they may not be able to maintain balance for an extended period.
B. Skips and hops on one foot: Skipping and hopping on one foot are more advanced gross motor skills that usually develop around ages 4 to 5, so it would be less expected for a 3-year-old.
C. Walks backwards heel to toE. Walking backwards heel to toe requires a higher level of coordination and balance and is usually mastered later in childhood, typically around ages 4 to 6.
D. Has a vocabulary of 1,500 words: While vocabulary development varies among children, a vocabulary of 1,500 words would be advanced for a 3-year-old. Most children at this age have a vocabulary of around 200 to 1,000 words.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. A Jewish male. While certain genetic factors may predispose individuals to hypertension, ethnicity or religious affiliation alone is not a direct risk factor for hypertension. Screening for hypertension should be based on individual risk factors and not solely on ethnicity or religion.
B. A white male. While hypertension can affect individuals of any race or ethnicity, it is less prevalent among white populations compared to African-American populations. However, hypertension can still occur in white males, especially if they have other risk factors such as obesity, family history, or unhealthy lifestyle habits.
C. An African-American male. African-American individuals, particularly males, have a higher prevalence of hypertension compared to other racial and ethnic groups. Genetic predisposition, as well as socio-economic factors and healthcare disparities, contribute to this increased risk.
Therefore, it is important to screen African-American males for hypertension, starting from adolescence, to ensure early detection and management.
D. An Asian female. While hypertension can affect individuals of Asian descent, the prevalence is generally lower compared to other racial and ethnic groups such as African-Americans. However, certain subgroups within the Asian population, such as South Asians, may have higher rates of hypertension due to genetic and lifestyle factors. Screening for hypertension should be based on individual risk factors rather than broad racial or ethnic categories.
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