A nurse is caring for a child with gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Which dietary change should the nurse recommend?
Increase citrus foods.
Decrease fatty foods.
Encourage spicy foods.
Limit fiber intake.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Citrus foods are acidic and can irritate the esophagus, potentially worsening reflux symptoms in children with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Increasing citrus intake is generally not recommended.
Choice B rationale
Fatty foods tend to delay gastric emptying, which can increase the risk and duration of reflux episodes. Decreasing the intake of fatty foods can help reduce GERD symptoms by allowing the stomach to empty more quickly.
Choice C rationale
Spicy foods can irritate the lining of the esophagus and exacerbate reflux symptoms in individuals with GERD. Encouraging the consumption of spicy foods is generally contraindicated.
Choice D rationale
Fiber promotes healthy digestion and typically does not worsen GERD symptoms. In some cases, adequate fiber intake can even be beneficial. Limiting fiber intake is not a standard dietary recommendation for children with GERD.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Analgesics might mask pain, which is an important indicator of the child's condition and potential complications. While pain management is crucial, it is not the most immediate or specific intervention for hematuria in acute glomerulonephritis. The primary focus is on managing the kidney inflammation and its effects.
Choice B rationale
A high-protein diet is generally contraindicated in acute glomerulonephritis, especially when kidney function is compromised. Damaged glomeruli struggle to filter protein waste products, leading to increased urea and potential azotemia. Dietary protein is usually restricted during the acute phase to reduce the workload on the kidneys.
Choice C rationale
Monitoring urine output is essential in acute glomerulonephritis as it directly reflects kidney function. Reduced urine output (oliguria) or its cessation (anuria) can indicate worsening kidney failure. Close monitoring helps assess the severity of the condition and the effectiveness of treatment interventions aimed at preserving renal function. Normal urine output for children varies with age and weight but is generally around 1-2 mL/kg/hour.
Choice D rationale
While maintaining adequate hydration is important, encouraging excessive fluid intake in a child with acute glomerulonephritis and hematuria can lead to fluid overload. Impaired kidney function can result in the inability to excrete excess fluid, potentially causing hypertension, edema, and even heart failure. Fluid balance must be carefully managed.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by pruritus (itching), erythema (redness), and scaling. Topical corticosteroids are the first-line treatment due to their potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, which help to reduce the inflammatory response in the skin and alleviate itching.
Choice B rationale
Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin disorder characterized by thickened, scaly plaques. Topical calcineurin inhibitors are used to treat psoriasis by suppressing the activity of T-cells, which are involved in the inflammatory process. The presentation of an itchy rash as the primary finding is less consistent with typical psoriasis.
Choice C rationale
Contact dermatitis is an inflammatory skin reaction resulting from direct contact with an irritant or allergen, often presenting with redness, swelling, and vesicles in addition to itching. While topical antihistamines can help with itching associated with allergic reactions, topical corticosteroids are generally more effective for managing the inflammation in contact dermatitis.
Choice D rationale
Tinea corporis, or ringworm, is a fungal infection of the skin characterized by circular, raised, scaly patches with central clearing. Topical antifungals are the appropriate treatment for tinea infections as they inhibit the growth and reproduction of the dermatophyte fungi causing the infection.
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