A nurse is caring for a child with spina bifida and an associated complication of hydrocephalus with neurological damage.
Which of the following conditions should the nurse expect to accommodate during care?

Hearing loss.

Speech problems.

Frequent seizures.

Difficulty walking.

Cognitive delays.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,D,E

Choice A rationale

While hearing loss can occur in some individuals with spina bifida due to associated anomalies or complications like meningitis, it is not as universally expected as other neurological impairments. The primary impact of hydrocephalus and neurological damage often manifests in areas directly related to brain development and function, making hearing loss a less common direct consequence.

Choice B rationale

Neurological damage associated with hydrocephalus and spina bifida frequently affects brain regions responsible for speech production and language processing. This can lead to various speech problems, including dysarthria or apraxia of speech, due to impaired motor control or cognitive deficits impacting linguistic expression and comprehension.

Choice C rationale

Frequent seizures are a potential complication of hydrocephalus and neurological damage due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain caused by structural anomalies or increased intracranial pressure. However, while possible, they are not as universally present in all cases as other common motor and cognitive impairments, making them a less frequent expectation.

Choice D rationale

Spina bifida often involves malformations of the spinal cord, directly impacting nerve function to the lower extremities. Hydrocephalus, by causing increased intracranial pressure and brain damage, can further impair motor control pathways. This combination frequently leads to motor deficits, resulting in varying degrees of difficulty walking or complete paralysis.

Choice E rationale

Hydrocephalus, especially when associated with neurological damage, can significantly impair cognitive development due to increased intracranial pressure and damage to brain tissue. This can manifest as delays in various cognitive domains, including learning, memory, problem-solving, and executive functions, impacting overall intellectual functioning.

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Correct Answer is ["9"]

Explanation

Step 1 is: Heart rate 120 BPM = 2 points (HR > 100 BPM).

Step 2 is: Strong cry = 2 points (Strong cry/cough).

Step 3 is: Well-flexed = 2 points (Well flexed).

Step 4 is: Reflex-crying = 2 points (Cry/sneeze).

Step 5 is: Body pink; acrocyanosis present in hands and feet = 1 point (Body pink, extremities blue).

Step 6 is: Add up all the points: 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 1 = 9.

Answer: 9.

A. Beneficence. B. Justice. C. Nonmaleficence. D. Fidelity.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Beneficence is an ethical principle that obligates healthcare providers to act in the best interest of their patients. This involves performing actions that promote good and prevent harm, often encompassing preventative care, health promotion, and the provision of treatments that improve a patient's well-being. It is a proactive stance aimed at positive outcomes.

Choice B rationale

Justice in healthcare refers to the fair and equitable distribution of resources and access to care. It ensures that all individuals receive treatment without discrimination based on socioeconomic status, race, or other factors. This principle often guides decisions about resource allocation and public health policies to ensure fairness for all.

Choice C rationale

Nonmaleficence is a foundational ethical principle stating that healthcare professionals must avoid causing harm to their patients. This includes both intentional harm and unintentional harm due to negligence or lack of skill. It emphasizes the duty to protect patients from foreseeable risks and ensures that interventions do not worsen their condition.

Choice D rationale

Fidelity is the ethical principle that emphasizes loyalty, trustworthiness, and faithfulness to commitments made to patients. This includes maintaining confidentiality, honoring promises, and being true to one's professional responsibilities. It builds trust in the patient-provider relationship, which is crucial for effective care.

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A nurse is caring for a child with spina bifida and an associated complication of hydrocephalus with neurological damage. Which of the following conditions should the nurse expect to accommodate during care?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

When calculating a 1-minute APGAR, the nurse evaluates the following assessment data: Heart rate 120 BPM; strong cry; well-flexed; reflex-crying: body pink; acrocyanosis present in hands and feet. In view of these findings, the nurse should assign an APGAR score of:

Correct Answer is ["9"]

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a class on ethical principles. The nurse should include that protecting a client's safety by not causing harm refers to which of the following ethical principles?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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A nurse is caring for a child with spina bifida and an associated complication of hydrocephalus with neurological damage.
Which of the following conditions should the nurse expect to accommodate during care?