A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Which statement best describes the pathophysiology of AML?
"AML is characterized by the overproduction of immature lymphocytes, leading to bone marrow failure."
"In AML, abnormal proliferation of red blood cells causes decreased oxygen-carrying capacity in the blood."
"Genetic mutations in the myeloid stem cells lead to uncontrolled growth of abnormal myeloid cells in AML."
"AML is caused by the abnormal growth of plasma cells, leading to the production of abnormal antibodies."
The Correct Answer is C
A) This choice is incorrect because AML is not characterized by the overproduction of immature lymphocytes. It involves the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal myeloid cells in the bone marrow.
B) This choice is incorrect because AML does not cause abnormal proliferation of red blood cells. Anemia may occur as a result of AML due to the displacement of normal blood-forming cells in the bone marrow.
C) This choice is correct. AML is a type of leukemia that arises from genetic mutations in the myeloid stem cells. These mutations lead to uncontrolled growth and accumulation of abnormal myeloid cells, including granulocytes, monocytes, and platelets.
D) This choice is incorrect because the abnormal growth of plasma cells leading to the production of abnormal antibodies is characteristic of multiple myeloma, not AML.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A) This choice is incorrect because while a complete blood count (CBC) is an important initial screening test for leukemia, it alone is not definitive for diagnosis. A CBC may show abnormal levels of blood cells, prompting further investigation, including a bone marrow biopsy.
B) This choice is incorrect because a urinalysis is not used to diagnose leukemia. It is a test used to evaluate kidney function and detect urinary abnormalities.
C) This choice is incorrect because a chest X-ray is not a definitive diagnostic tool for leukemia. It is primarily used to assess the lungs and chest organs for conditions such as pneumonia or tumors.
D) This choice is correct. A bone marrow biopsy is a definitive diagnostic tool to confirm leukemia. In this procedure, a small sample of bone marrow is taken from the hipbone or breastbone and examined under a microscope to determine if leukemia cells are present. It allows for the identification of abnormal cells in the bone marrow, helping to establish the diagnosis and type of leukemia.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A) This choice is incorrect because leukemia is not a contagious disease. It cannot spread from person to person through direct contact.
B) This choice is correct. Leukemia is not contagious. It is a type of cancer caused by abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow and blood. It cannot be transmitted from one person to another.
C) This choice is incorrect because leukemia is not contagious, even if the person has a weakened immune system. It is not a communicable disease.
D) This choice is incorrect because leukemia is not transmitted through blood transfusions. Blood transfusions involve screened and tested blood products, and leukemia cannot be passed on through this process.
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