A nurse is caring for a client in an adult medical unit.
When evaluating pharmacological interventions for diabetes, it is important to consider
The Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A","dropdown-group-2":"C","dropdown-group-3":"E"}
Rationale:
A. Patient age is important because older adults may have altered metabolism, comorbidities, or higher risk for hypoglycemia.
B. Glycemic variability is helpful to monitor but is not the main factor when choosing medications.
C. Medication side effects are critical to consider, since some agents can cause hypoglycemia, weight changes, or GI upset.
D. Dietary habits are essential for lifestyle management but not the primary determinant in pharmacologic evaluation.
E. Glycemic targets guide therapy decisions to meet individualized treatment goals safely and effectively.
F. Exercise routine supports non-pharmacologic management but is not a key pharmacological consideration.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. "Your average blood sugar is high": Hemoglobin A1C reflects the average blood glucose levels over the past 2–3 months. A value of 9% indicates that the client’s overall blood sugar has been consistently above the recommended target, providing a clear explanation of long-term glycemic control.
B. "Your blood sugar is too high after meals": While postprandial glucose contributes to overall A1C, the test reflects an average over time rather than isolated after-meal spikes. Focusing only on post-meal levels may misrepresent the broader picture of glycemic control.
C. "Your blood sugar is very unstable": A1C indicates long-term average glucose rather than fluctuations or variability. Lab values alone cannot determine whether blood sugar is unstable or fluctuating dramatically throughout the day.
D. "You have many dangerously low blood sugar levels": Hypoglycemia is not indicated by an elevated A1C. A 9% value reflects hyperglycemia over time, not frequent low blood sugar episodes.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Malignant hypertension: While clients with DKA may have stress-related elevations in blood pressure, malignant hypertension is not a characteristic manifestation. DKA primarily presents with hyperglycemia, dehydration, and metabolic acidosis rather than extreme blood pressure elevation.
B. Cheyne-Stokes breathing: Cheyne-Stokes respirations are typically associated with severe brain injury, heart failure, or central nervous system disorders. In DKA, clients exhibit Kussmaul respirations, which are deep and rapid, as a compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis.
C. Acetone odor to breath: The presence of acetone or fruity-smelling breath results from ketone accumulation due to fat breakdown in the absence of sufficient insulin. This is a classic sign of diabetic ketoacidosis and reflects ongoing ketosis and metabolic derangement.
D. Blood glucose level below 40 mg/dL: DKA is characterized by significant hyperglycemia, typically above 250 mg/dL. Hypoglycemia is not expected; instead, elevated blood glucose contributes to osmotic diuresis, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances.
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