A nurse is caring for a client who complains about sleep apnea.
Which delivery device would the nurse expect to use to administer oxygen to this client while sleeping?

Choice A rationale

Taking a sleeping pill at 9 pm might influence nighttime voiding indirectly by affecting sleep patterns or bladder awareness, but it doesn't directly increase urine production. Sleeping pills primarily work on the central nervous system to promote sleep and are not known to have a diuretic effect that would lead to increased nighttime urination.

Choice B rationale

Taking a diuretic at 7 pm significantly increases the risk of nocturia because diuretics promote fluid excretion by the kidneys. This increased urine production will likely occur during the night, after the medication has been absorbed and metabolized, leading to the need to wake up to urinate. The peak effect of many diuretics occurs within a few hours of administration.

Choice C rationale

Taking frequent naps during the day is unlikely to be a direct cause of nocturia. While changes in daytime activity and fluid intake patterns could indirectly influence nighttime voiding, napping itself does not have a physiological mechanism that directly increases urine production specifically at night.

Choice D rationale

Taking a diuretic at 7 am is less likely to cause nocturia compared to taking it in the evening. By 7 pm, the diuretic's effect of increased urine production will likely have subsided for most individuals, allowing for more normal bladder function during the night. The majority of the diuresis will occur during the daytime hours. .

Choice A rationale

Infants are at the highest risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalance due to diarrhea because they have a higher percentage of body water compared to adults, and a larger proportion of this water is extracellular. Their kidneys are also immature and less efficient at regulating fluid and electrolytes. Additionally, their higher metabolic rate and greater body surface area to weight ratio lead to increased insensible fluid losses.

Choice B rationale

Adolescents have a body composition and physiological regulatory mechanisms that are more similar to adults, making them less vulnerable to rapid fluid and electrolyte shifts from diarrhea compared to infants. Their kidneys are fully developed and can manage fluid and electrolyte balance more effectively.

Choice C rationale

Young adults also have well-developed regulatory mechanisms and a lower proportion of extracellular fluid compared to infants. While prolonged diarrhea can still lead to imbalances, they are generally more resilient than infants due to their mature physiology.

Choice D rationale

School-age children have a body composition and physiological maturity that places them at a lower risk for severe fluid and electrolyte imbalance from diarrhea compared to infants. Their regulatory systems are more developed than those of infants, allowing for better compensation for fluid losses. .