A nurse is caring for a client who complains about sleep apnea.
Which delivery device would the nurse expect to use to administer oxygen to this client while sleeping?

Choice A rationale

Anticipatory grieving is a normal psychological process of acknowledging and preparing for an expected loss. The family's expression of sorrow and crying directly indicates their emotional response to the impending death of their loved one, aligning with the defining characteristics of anticipatory grieving. This diagnosis acknowledges the family's current emotional state in relation to the anticipated loss.

Choice B rationale

Dysfunctional grieving implies an abnormal or maladaptive grief response. Age regression, while a potential manifestation of extreme stress, is not a typical or expected behavior in anticipatory grief. Without further evidence of significantly impaired functioning or prolonged, intense reactions disproportionate to the situation, labeling the grieving as dysfunctional is not supported.

Choice C rationale

Potential for grieving suggests a risk for developing grief, but the family members are already actively expressing sorrow, indicating that grieving has commenced, not just a potential for it. While crying is an expression of sorrow associated with grieving, insomnia, without further context, is a non-specific symptom and does not solely indicate anticipatory grieving related to loss.

Choice D rationale

Dysfunctional grieving, as mentioned before, implies a maladaptive response. While anxiety can be a component of grief, behaviors solely indicating anxiety do not necessarily define dysfunctional grieving related to the loss of a family member. The family's primary expression is sorrow, which is a typical component of anticipatory grief, not necessarily dysfunctional.

Choice A rationale

An older adult client without family support who is uncertain about a significant life change like moving to assisted living is particularly vulnerable. The nurse advocate can help this client understand their options, express their concerns, and ensure their wishes are considered, as they may lack the resources or confidence to navigate this process independently, making advocacy crucial for their well-being and autonomy.

Choice B rationale

A client who makes an informed decision to refuse chemotherapy is exercising their autonomy. While the nurse supports this decision, the client is already empowered and making their own choices based on understanding, thus requiring less direct advocacy in the sense of ensuring their voice is heard or their rights are upheld against potential opposition.

Choice C rationale

A client undergoing a repeat procedure is likely familiar with the process and has presumably consented previously. While the nurse ensures they are still informed and comfortable, the need for strong advocacy to ensure their wishes are respected against external pressures is less pronounced compared to a vulnerable client facing a new and uncertain situation.

Choice D rationale

A client who chooses alternative treatments after being educated on conventional options is also exercising their autonomy based on their values and understanding. The nurse's role is to ensure this decision is informed, but the client is already acting as their own advocate by making a conscious choice, reducing the immediate need for external advocacy.