A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of metastatic lung cancer. The client states, "I can't think about that until after my first grandchild is born next week." The nurse should identify the client's statement as indicating the maladaptive use of which of the following defense mechanisms?

A. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is primarily used to treat severe depression, and its effectiveness is demonstrated through an improvement in depressive symptoms such as mood, energy levels, and interest in daily activities.
B. While ECT may have some effect on panic attacks, its primary indication is for severe depression. Therefore, a reduction in panic attacks is not the best indicator of the treatment's effectiveness.
C. Seizures are part of the therapeutic process in ECT, and the goal is not to reduce their frequency but to alleviate psychiatric symptoms.
D. Decreased fear of heights may be beneficial for some clients, but it is not a direct indicator of the effectiveness of ECT, which targets depression rather than specific phobias.

A. The nurse should assess the client’s need for toileting regularly, as restricted movement can increase the risk of discomfort and physical harm. Monitoring this every 15 minutes is recommended for ensuring the client's basic needs are met.
B. Physical restraint prescriptions should be renewed at intervals that are consistent with the facility’s
policies, but every 8 hours is typically too long. A more frequent reassessment should occur.
C. Clients in restraints should be monitored more frequently than every 30 minutes to ensure their safety and well-being, especially in terms of physical comfort and circulation.
D. Offering hydration and nutrition every 2 hours may not be necessary if the client is receiving fluids and food regularly, but they should be monitored more frequently for other immediate needs.