A nurse is caring for a client who has a respiratory illness that has resulted in chronic hypoxia. Which of these conditions can develop as a result of long-term hypoxia?

Cardiac enlargement

Exophthalmos

Gastric ulcerations

Urinary tract infections

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Cardiac enlargement: Chronic hypoxia leads to increased workload on the heart as it works harder to deliver oxygen to tissues. This can result in cardiac enlargement or right-sided heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension, a common consequence of long-term hypoxia.

B. Exophthalmos: Exophthalmos is protrusion of the eyes and is typically associated with thyroid disorders, such as Graves' disease, rather than chronic hypoxia.

C. Gastric ulcerations: While stress and certain medications can lead to gastric ulcerations, they are not directly caused by chronic hypoxia. Chronic hypoxia mainly affects the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems.

D. Urinary tract infections: Chronic hypoxia does not typically lead to urinary tract infections. UTIs are more commonly associated with factors such as poor hygiene, urinary obstruction, or immunosuppression.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.": This statement accurately describes diffusion. Molecules move down their concentration gradient from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached.

B. "Diffusion is the movement of particles between areas of equal concentrations.": Diffusion does not occur between areas of equal concentration as there is no concentration gradient to drive the movement.

C. "Diffusion is the movement of water from an area of higher concentration of water to an area of lower concentration of water.": This describes osmosis, not diffusion. Osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.

D. "Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of lower concentration of particles to an area of higher concentration of particles.": This is incorrect as diffusion occurs from higher to lower concentration, not the reverse.

A. Hyperventilate the client with 100% oxygen before suctioning the airway. B. Provide humidified oxygen. C. Perform chest physiotherapy prior to suctioning. D. Prelubricate the suction catheter tip with sterile saline when suctioning the airway.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Hyperventilate the client with 100% oxygen before suctioning the airway: Hyperventilation before suctioning is a method to prevent hypoxia, not to thin secretions. It does not affect the viscosity of secretions.

B. Provide humidified oxygen: Humidified oxygen helps to moisten the airways, which can thin secretions, making them easier to clear. This is an appropriate intervention for managing tenacious secretions in a client with a tracheostomy.

C. Perform chest physiotherapy prior to suctioning: Chest physiotherapy helps mobilize secretions but does not thin them. While useful in clearing airways, it is not a direct method for thinning secretions.

D. Prelubricate the suction catheter tip with sterile saline when suctioning the airway: Prelubricating the suction catheter is done to reduce friction and trauma during suctioning but does not impact the thickness of the secretions.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has a respiratory illness that has resulted in chronic hypoxia. Which of these conditions can develop as a result of long-term hypoxia?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A charge nurse is reinforcing teaching to a group of nurses about diffusion. Which of the following statements should the charge nurse include in their teaching about diffusion?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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