A nurse is caring for a client who has an admited diagnosis of renal calculi and a medical history of hypertension and gout. The client works 6 days a week outside in temperatures between 32.2°C to 37.8°C (90°F to 100°F). Which of the following should the nurse tell the client to prevent a recurrence of renal calculi?

Eat a diet high in calcium oxalate-rich foods.

Continue to take your prescribed gout medication.

Drink plenty of fluids during the day.

Eat a diet high in purine-rich foods.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: A diet high in calcium oxalate-rich foods should be avoided as it can contribute to the formation of calcium oxalate stones.

Choice B reason: Continuing prescribed gout medication is important, but it does not directly prevent the formation of renal calculi unless the medication is specifically for reducing uric acid levels.

Choice C reason: Drinking plenty of fluids, especially water, is one of the most effective ways to prevent the recurrence of renal calculi by diluting the urine and reducing the concentration of stone-forming minerals.

Choice D reason: A diet high in purine-rich foods can increase the risk of uric acid stones and should be avoided, especially in patients with gout and a history of renal calculi.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Clients with nephrotic syndrome are usually advised to decrease sodium intake to manage edema, not increase it.

Choice B reason: A kidney biopsy may be prescribed to determine the cause of nephrotic syndrome, so this statement does not indicate a need for further teaching.

Choice C reason: Swelling, particularly in the face, is a common symptom of nephrotic syndrome due to fluid retention.

Choice D reason: Losing protein in the urine is a hallmark of nephrotic syndrome, so this statement is accurate.

A. Metastasis occurs when cancerous growths are located in the kidneys and also in another part of the body. B. Metastasis means a group of abnormal kidney cells is localized to a single location. C. Metastasis is when a group of kidney cells have changed to more closely resemble intestinal cells. D. Metastasis occurs when cancer cells grow until they run out of space and stop growing.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Metastasis refers to the process by which cancer cells spread from the primary tumor site to distant organs or tissues. This can occur through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, leading to the formation of secondary tumors in other parts of the body.

Choice B reason: This statement is incorrect because metastasis, by definition, involves the spread of cancer cells to multiple locations, not their confinement to a single area.

Choice C reason: The description provided in this choice is more indicative of metaplasia, which is a change in the type of cells, and not metastasis, which is the spread of cancer cells.

Choice D reason: This choice is incorrect as it does not describe metastasis. Cancer cells do not stop growing because they run out of space; they continue to proliferate and can invade other tissues.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has nephrotic syndrome. The nurse should recognize that which of the following client statements indicates a need for further teaching?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has kidney cancer and has been informed that it has metastasized. Which of the following statements should the nurse make when the client asks what metastasis means?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is reviewing the BUN and creatinine levels of an older adult client who has chronic kidney disease (CKD). The nurse should expect which of the following findings?

A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a client who collapsed after playing football on a hot day. After reviewing the admission laboratory findings, the nurse recognizes that these findings are consistent with which of the following conditions?

A nurse is teaching a client who has acute kidney disease about fluid restrictions. Which of the following statements by the client should the nurse identify as understanding of the teaching?

A nurse is discussing kidney transplant with a client who has end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Which of the following should the nurse identify as a contraindication for this treatment?

A nurse is caring for a client in a clinic who has foul-smelling urine, a low-grade fever of 37.7°C (100°F), and pain with urination. Which of the following should the nurse expect the health care provider to order? (Select all that apply.)

A nurse is assessing a client who has end-stage kidney disease and is receiving hemodialysis. Which of the followingfindings should the nurse identify as an indication the client is experiencing fluid overload?

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving peritoneal dialysis. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following manifestations of peritonitis?