A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has nephropathy secondary to diabetes mellitus and plans to
make dietary adjustments. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Eat at least 45 g of fiber per day.

Consume less than 0.8 g/kg of body weight of protein per day.

Eat no more than 300 mg of cholesterol per day.

Consume less than 45% of total calories from carbohydrates per day.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: While fiber is important in a diet, recommending at least 45 g per day does not specifically address the needs of a patient with diabetic nephropathy.

Choice B reason: Consuming less than 0.8 g/kg of body weight of protein per day is recommended for patients with diabetic nephropathy to reduce the workload on the kidneys.

Choice C reason: Limiting cholesterol intake to 300 mg per day is a general recommendation for heart health but is not specific to diabetic nephropathy dietary management.

Choice D reason: The recommendation to consume less than 45% of total calories from carbohydrates is not specific to diabetic nephropathy, and carbohydrate needs can vary based on individual energy requirements.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Iron deficiency is not typically associated with an increased risk of renal calculi. Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are generally composed of minerals such as calcium, oxalate, urate, cystine, xanthine, and phosphate.

Choice B reason: While protein in the urine, or proteinuria, may indicate kidney disease, it is not a direct risk factor for the formation of renal calculi. However, excessive dietary protein intake can increase the risk of stone formation.

Choice C reason: Dehydration is a significant risk factor for renal calculi. Insufficient fluid intake leads to concentrated urine, which can promote the crystallization and aggregation of stone-forming substances.

Choice D reason: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of renal calculi. Higher body mass index (BMI) can lead to changes in urine that promote the formation of stones.

A. Frothy urine B. Lower abdominal pain C. Hypertension D. Fish-type urine odor E. Mental confusion F. Weak urine stream

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E","F"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Frothy urine is not a typical symptom of pyelonephritis; it is more associated with proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome.

Choice B reason: Lower abdominal pain can be a symptom of pyelonephritis due to in?ammation and infection in the kidneys.

Choice C reason: Hypertension is not a direct symptom of pyelonephritis, although it can be associated with chronic kidney disease.

Choice D reason: A fish-type urine odor can be present in pyelonephritis due to the presence of bacteria.

Choice E reason: Mental confusion can occur, especially in severe cases or in elderly patients with pyelonephritis.

Choice F reason: A weak urine stream may be present if there is swelling or obstruction in the urinary tract due to infection.

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A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has nephropathy secondary to diabetes mellitus and plans to make dietary adjustments. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

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A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has nephropathy secondary to diabetes mellitus and plans to
make dietary adjustments. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?