A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and reports having shortness of breath and swelling in his lower extremities. Upon assessment, the nurse notes the client has crackles in his lungs and an elevated blood pressure. The nurse should suspect which of the following based on the client's manifestations?

Hyponatremia

Hyperkalemia

Hypovolemia

Hypervolemia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Hyponatremia is characterized by low sodium levels in the blood and is not typically associated with crackles in the lungs or elevated blood pressure.
B.   While hyperkalemia is a concern in end-stage kidney disease, it is not typically associated with crackles in the lungs or elevated blood pressure.
C.   Hypovolemia, or low blood volume, is not consistent with the client's reported symptoms of swelling in the lower extremities and crackles in the lungs.
D.   Hypervolemia, or fluid overload, is common in end-stage kidney disease and can manifest with symptoms such as shortness of breath, lower extremity edema, crackles in the lungs (due to pulmonary congestion), and elevated blood pressure.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Oliguria, characterized by urine output less than 400 mL per 24 hours, is a hallmark of the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury.
B. BUN and creatinine levels typically increase during the oliguric phase due to decreased kidney function.
C. Renal function is not reestablished during the oliguric phase; this phase represents reduced kidney function.
D. The glomerular filtration rate remains decreased during the oliguric phase.

A. Obesity B. Protein in the urine C. Iron deficiency D. Dehydration

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. While obesity can contribute to certain health conditions, it is not a direct risk factor for the formation of renal calculi.
B. Proteinuria may indicate kidney dysfunction, but it is not a direct risk factor for the formation of renal calculi.
C. Iron deficiency is not directly associated with an increased risk of renal calculi formation.
D. Dehydration can lead to concentrated urine, which increases the risk of crystal formation and subsequently the formation of renal calculi.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is teaching a client who has acute kidney injury about the oliguric phase. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a client who has urolithiasis (renal calculi). The nurse should explain that which of the following conditions can increase the risk for renal calculi?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has metabolic alkalosis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A nurse is caring for a client who has respiratory alkalosis and is hyperventilating Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A nurse is caring for a client who has the following arterial blood gas results: HCO3-, 18 mEq, PaCO, 28 mm Hg and pH 7.30. The nurse recognizes the client is experiencing which of the following acid base imbalances?

A nurse is caring for a client who is 1 day postoperative following a subtotal thyroidectomy. The client reports a tingling sensation in the hands, the soles of the feet, and around the lips. For which of the following findings should the nurse assess the client?

A nurse in a public clinic is researching health data on culturally diverse populations in the community. Which of the following population groups should the nurse anticipate having end- stage renal disease due to diabetes mellitus?

A nurse is assessing a client who is admitted for elective surgery and has a history of Addison's disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A nurse is assessing a client who had a craniotomy and has developed syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which of the following manifestations should the nurse anticipate?