A nurse is caring for a client who has cellulitis and is to begin antibiotic therapy. The client has a history of anaphylactic reaction to penicillin. Which of the following medications is contraindicated for this client?
Fluconazole
Tetracycline
Acyclovir
Cephalexin
The Correct Answer is D
A. Fluconazole. Fluconazole is an antifungal medication used to treat fungal infections, such as candidiasis. It is not related to penicillin and does not pose a risk for cross-reactivity in clients with a penicillin allergy. It can be safely administered in this scenario.
B. Tetracycline. Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections, including acne and respiratory infections. It belongs to a different antibiotic class than penicillins and cephalosporins, meaning it does not pose a risk of cross-reactivity in clients with a penicillin allergy.
C. Acyclovir. Acyclovir is an antiviral medication used to treat viral infections, such as herpes simplex and varicella-zoster. Since it does not belong to the beta-lactam antibiotic class, it is not contraindicated for clients with a penicillin allergy.
D. Cephalexin. Cephalexin is a first-generation cephalosporin, which shares a similar beta-lactam ring structure with penicillins. Clients with a history of an anaphylactic reaction to penicillin are at increased risk of cross-reactivity with cephalosporins, particularly first-generation ones like cephalexin. Due to the severity of the client’s allergic reaction, cephalexin should be avoided, and an alternative non-beta-lactam antibiotic should be considered.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. A pregnant parent. A child can receive the varicella vaccine even if the parent is pregnant. While the varicella vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine, the vaccinated child does not pose a significant risk of transmission to others. The parent should avoid direct contact with the vaccinee's rash if one develops, but this is not a contraindication to immunization.
B. Receiving treatment for leukemia. Children undergoing treatment for leukemia often have weakened immune systems due to chemotherapy or radiation. The varicella vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine, meaning it contains a weakened form of the virus that could cause severe illness in immunocompromised individuals. These children should not receive live vaccines until their immune function improves and their healthcare provider approves vaccination.
C. Taking acetaminophen for mild discomfort. Acetaminophen is an over-the-counter pain reliever and fever reducer that does not interfere with the efficacy or safety of the varicella vaccine. There is no evidence that mild analgesic use before or after vaccination affects immune response, so it is not a reason to withhold the immunization.
D. An allergy to eggs. Unlike some influenza and yellow fever vaccines, the varicella vaccine is not produced using egg-based components. An egg allergy is not a contraindication to receiving the varicella vaccine, as it does not contain egg proteins.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Bleeding. Cefotetan, a second-generation cephalosporin, can interfere with vitamin K metabolism, leading to a decreased ability to form blood clots. When combined with NSAIDs, which have an antiplatelet effect, the risk of bleeding increases. Clients taking both medications should be monitored for bruising, prolonged bleeding, or signs of gastrointestinal hemorrhage such as black, tarry stools.
B. Dysrhythmias. Cefotetan and NSAIDs do not have significant cardiac effects that would lead to dysrhythmias. Some antibiotics, such as macrolides and fluoroquinolones, can cause QT prolongation, but cefotetan does not affect cardiac conduction.
C. Dizziness. While NSAIDs can sometimes cause dizziness as a side effect, this is not a significant interaction between cefotetan and NSAIDs. Cefotetan does not commonly cause dizziness unless associated with an allergic reaction or severe hypotension due to an adverse effect.
D. Jaundice. Cefotetan is metabolized by the liver, but it is not highly hepatotoxic and does not commonly cause jaundice. NSAIDs, when used long-term or in high doses, may contribute to liver dysfunction, but this is not a primary concern in the interaction between these two medications.
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