A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetic ketoacidosis (DK
Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Metabolic alkalosis is a condition characterized by an elevated pH in body tissues, typically due to an excess of bicarbonate or a loss of hydrogen ions. This condition is not associated with Kussmaul breathing. Kussmaul breathing is a deep and labored breathing pattern often seen in patients with metabolic acidosis, not alkalosis. In metabolic alkalosis, the body does not need to expel excess acid through rapid breathing, so Kussmaul respirations are not observed.
Choice B reason: Metabolic acidosis is a condition where there is an excess of acid in the body due to the accumulation of acid or the loss of bicarbonate. This condition is commonly seen in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), where the body produces high levels of ketones, leading to acidosis. Kussmaul breathing is a compensatory mechanism in metabolic acidosis, where the body attempts to reduce the acid level by expelling carbon dioxide through rapid, deep breaths. This type of breathing helps to lower the blood’s acidity by reducing the concentration of carbon dioxide, which is an acid.
Choice C reason: Respiratory alkalosis is a condition where there is a decrease in carbon dioxide levels in the blood due to excessive breathing or hyperventilation. This condition leads to an increase in blood pH, making it more alkaline. Kussmaul breathing is not associated with respiratory alkalosis because it is a response to metabolic acidosis, not a condition where the body is already expelling too much carbon dioxide.
Choice D reason: Respiratory acidosis is a condition where there is an excess of carbon dioxide in the blood due to inadequate respiration. This leads to a decrease in blood pH, making it more acidic. While respiratory acidosis involves an acidic environment, Kussmaul breathing is specifically a response to metabolic acidosis, not respiratory acidosis. In respiratory acidosis, the body would not use Kussmaul respirations as a compensatory mechanism.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Coronary arteries do not become more elastic with age. Instead, they tend to become less elastic due to the buildup of plaque, a condition known as atherosclerosis. This buildup narrows the arteries and restricts blood flow, which can lead to coronary artery disease (CAD). The heart not receiving enough oxygen is a result of this narrowing, not increased elasticity.
Choice B Reason:
Coronary arteries decrease in diameter due to the buildup of plaque, which consists of fats, cholesterol, and other substances. This narrowing restricts the flow of blood, oxygen, and nutrients to the heart muscle, leading to symptoms such as chest pain (angina) and shortness of breath. This is the primary mechanism behind coronary artery disease.
Choice C Reason:
This choice is essentially a repetition of Choice B and is correct for the same reasons. The narrowing of the coronary arteries due to plaque buildup leads to insufficient blood flow, causing the heart muscle to receive less oxygen and nutrients.
Choice D Reason:
Manifestations of coronary artery disease are not due to the dilation of coronary arteries. Instead, they are due to the narrowing of these arteries. Increased blood flow and pressure are not typical causes of CAD symptoms. The primary issue is the restricted blood flow due to narrowed arteries.
Choice E Reason:
While it is true that the heart and coronary arteries can weaken over time, leading to poor perfusion and angina, this statement does not accurately describe the primary mechanism of coronary artery disease. The main issue in CAD is the narrowing of the arteries due to plaque buildup, which restricts blood flow to the heart muscle.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason:
“I need to walk slowly as I lose my balance often” is a significant safety concern for a client with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Balance issues can increase the risk of falls, which can lead to serious injuries, especially in clients with compromised circulation. PAD can cause muscle weakness and pain, which may contribute to balance problems. Reporting this symptom to the provider is crucial for further evaluation and intervention to prevent falls and improve the client’s mobility and safety.
Choice B reason:
“I have a small-healed area on my spine that is painful” is not directly related to peripheral artery disease. While pain in different parts of the body can be concerning, this statement does not indicate an immediate safety risk associated with PAD. However, it is still important for the nurse to document and monitor this symptom, as it could be related to other underlying conditions.
Choice C reason:
“I don’t go out much because of the pain in my legs” is a common symptom of PAD known as claudication, which is pain caused by too little blood flow during exercise. While this statement indicates a significant impact on the client’s quality of life, it does not pose an immediate safety risk that requires urgent reporting. The nurse should provide education on managing claudication and encourage the client to engage in supervised exercise programs to improve circulation.
Choice D reason:
“It makes me sad that I can’t keep up with my grandchildren” reflects the emotional and psychological impact of PAD on the client’s life. While this is an important aspect of the client’s overall well-being, it does not represent an immediate safety concern. The nurse should address the client’s emotional health and consider referring them to a mental health professional for support.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.