A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetic ketoacidosis (DK
Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Metabolic alkalosis is a condition characterized by an elevated pH in body tissues, typically due to an excess of bicarbonate or a loss of hydrogen ions. This condition is not associated with Kussmaul breathing. Kussmaul breathing is a deep and labored breathing pattern often seen in patients with metabolic acidosis, not alkalosis. In metabolic alkalosis, the body does not need to expel excess acid through rapid breathing, so Kussmaul respirations are not observed.
Choice B reason: Metabolic acidosis is a condition where there is an excess of acid in the body due to the accumulation of acid or the loss of bicarbonate. This condition is commonly seen in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), where the body produces high levels of ketones, leading to acidosis. Kussmaul breathing is a compensatory mechanism in metabolic acidosis, where the body attempts to reduce the acid level by expelling carbon dioxide through rapid, deep breaths. This type of breathing helps to lower the blood’s acidity by reducing the concentration of carbon dioxide, which is an acid.
Choice C reason: Respiratory alkalosis is a condition where there is a decrease in carbon dioxide levels in the blood due to excessive breathing or hyperventilation. This condition leads to an increase in blood pH, making it more alkaline. Kussmaul breathing is not associated with respiratory alkalosis because it is a response to metabolic acidosis, not a condition where the body is already expelling too much carbon dioxide.
Choice D reason: Respiratory acidosis is a condition where there is an excess of carbon dioxide in the blood due to inadequate respiration. This leads to a decrease in blood pH, making it more acidic. While respiratory acidosis involves an acidic environment, Kussmaul breathing is specifically a response to metabolic acidosis, not respiratory acidosis. In respiratory acidosis, the body would not use Kussmaul respirations as a compensatory mechanism.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","C"]
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Acetaminophen is often used to manage pain and fever associated with pericarditis. It is a common analgesic and antipyretic that helps alleviate discomfort without causing significant gastrointestinal side effects. However, it does not have anti-inflammatory properties, so it is typically used in conjunction with other medications that address inflammation.
Choice B Reason:
Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic medication used to treat and prevent various types of serious irregular heartbeats, such as ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. It is not typically used for treating pericarditis, as it does not address the inflammation or pain associated with the condition.
Choice C Reason:
Indomethacin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is effective in reducing inflammation and pain associated with pericarditis. NSAIDs are commonly prescribed for pericarditis to help manage symptoms and reduce inflammation. Indomethacin, along with other NSAIDs like ibuprofen, is often part of the first-line treatment for this condition.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A: Fasting blood glucose of 140 mg/dL
A fasting blood glucose level of 140 mg/dL is above the normal range (70-99 mg/dL) but may indicate some improvement in beta cell function if it was previously higher. In type 2 diabetes, beta cells in the pancreas are responsible for producing insulin. When beta cells start to restore their function, they can produce more insulin, which helps lower blood glucose levels. However, a fasting blood glucose level of 140 mg/dL still indicates that the client has diabetes and needs to continue managing their condition.
Choice B: Client reports smoking cessation
Smoking cessation is a positive health behavior and can improve overall health, including cardiovascular health, which is often compromised in individuals with diabetes. However, it does not directly indicate the restoration of beta cell function. Beta cell function is specifically related to the pancreas’s ability to produce insulin, and smoking cessation, while beneficial, does not directly impact this.
Choice C: Weight gain of 5 lb
Weight gain can have various implications for a person with type 2 diabetes. While modest weight gain might indicate improved nutritional status or muscle mass, it does not directly indicate the restoration of beta cell function. In fact, weight gain can sometimes worsen insulin resistance, making it harder for beta cells to function effectively.
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