A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetic ketoacidosis. During the shift, the client received 0.45% sodium chloride IV at 500 mL/hr for 3 hr. then at 200 mL/hr for 3 hr., and then dextrose 5% in water at 75 mL/hr for 2 hr. What is the total volume the nurse should document for the client's IV fluid intake? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

A. "A health care surrogate must be a family member.": This statement is incorrect. A health care surrogate, also known as a health care proxy or agent, does not necessarily have to be a family member. It can be any individual chosen by the client to make health care decisions on their behalf if they become unable to do so.
B. "The client can resume control of health care after a temporary loss of competency.": This statement demonstrates an understanding of advance directives. Advance directives allow individuals to maintain control over their health care decisions by specifying their preferences for treatment or appointing a surrogate decision-maker. If a client experiences a temporary loss of competency, they can regain control of their health care decisions once competency is restored.
C. "The provider will choose a client's health care surrogate.": This statement is incorrect. It is the responsibility of the client to choose their health care surrogate. While healthcare providers may provide guidance and information about advance directives, they do not choose the surrogate for the client.
D. "The provider can go against the client's wishes regarding advance directives.": This statement is incorrect. Advance directives are legally binding documents that express a client's wishes regarding medical treatment. Healthcare providers are generally obligated to follow the directives outlined in these documents, and they cannot go against the client's wishes unless certain legal exceptions apply, such as emergency situations where immediate action is required to preserve life.

A. Atropine: Atropine is not used to treat benzodiazepine toxicity. It is primarily indicated for treating bradycardia, organophosphate poisoning, and certain types of poisoning causing excessive muscarinic effects.
B. Flumazenil: Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist and is used to reverse the sedative effects of benzodiazepine overdose or toxicity. It competitively inhibits the action of benzodiazepines at the receptor site, reversing their effects.
C. Naloxone: Naloxone is a medication used to reverse opioid overdose by competitively binding to opioid receptors and displacing opioid agonists. It is not effective in treating benzodiazepine toxicity.
D. Activated charcoal: Activated charcoal is used to absorb ingested toxins in cases of poisoning. However, it is not effective in treating benzodiazepine toxicity because benzodiazepines are not effectively absorbed by activated charcoal.