A nurse is caring for a client who has hypertension and nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should expect to administer which of the following medications to slow the progression of the nephropathy?
Sitagliptin.
Glipizide.
Metoprolol.
Losartan.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Sitagliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor used to manage blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes but does not specifically slow the progression of nephropathy.
Choice B rationale
Glipizide is a sulfonylurea that helps control blood sugar levels but does not have a direct effect on slowing nephropathy progression.
Choice C rationale
Metoprolol is a beta-blocker used to manage hypertension but does not specifically target nephropathy progression.
Choice D rationale
Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) that helps manage hypertension and has been shown to slow the progression of nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Limiting caffeine is not the first action the nurse should take. While caffeine can exacerbate symptoms of BPH, it is not the priority action when starting doxazosin IR3.
Choice B rationale
Reporting headaches is important, but it is not the first action the nurse should take. Headaches can be a side effect of doxazosin, but monitoring the patient’s initial response to the medication is more critical.
Choice C rationale
Measuring the client’s intake and output is important for monitoring urinary symptoms, but it is not the first action the nurse should take when starting doxazosin IR3.
Choice D rationale
Administering the medication at bedtime is the correct first action. Doxazosin can cause dizziness and hypotension, especially after the first dose, so taking it at bedtime can help minimize these effects.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Decreased excretion of urine sodium is not an expected therapeutic effect of bumetanide. Bumetanide is a loop diuretic that works by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of Henle, leading to increased excretion of sodium and water.
Choice B rationale
Increased urinary output is the expected therapeutic effect of bumetanide. As a potent loop diuretic, bumetanide increases the excretion of water and electrolytes, which helps reduce fluid accumulation in conditions like ascites.
Choice C rationale
Decreased serum glucose is not associated with bumetanide. Bumetanide primarily affects fluid and electrolyte balance and does not have a significant impact on blood glucose levels.
Choice D rationale
Increased blood pressure is not an expected effect of bumetanide. On the contrary, bumetanide can help lower blood pressure by reducing fluid volume and decreasing the workload on the heart.
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