A nurse is caring for a client who has influenza and isolation precautions in place. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent the spread of infection?

Administer metronidazole.

Don protective eyewear before entering the room.

Place the client in a negative airflow room.

Wear a mask when working within 3 feet of the client.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Administer metronidazole:

Metronidazole is an antibiotic medication used to treat bacterial infections, particularly those caused by anaerobic bacteria and certain parasites. It is not effective against viral infections like influenza. Administering metronidazole would not prevent the spread of influenza.

B. Don protective eyewear before entering the room:

Protective eyewear is typically worn when there is a risk of exposure to bodily fluids or other potentially infectious materials that could splash or splatter into the eyes. While protective eyewear is an important infection control measure in certain situations, it is not specifically indicated for preventing the spread of influenza, which primarily spreads through respiratory droplets.

C. Place the client in a negative airflow room:

Negative airflow rooms are designed to prevent airborne transmission of infectious agents by maintaining negative air pressure, which prevents contaminated air from flowing out of the room and into adjacent areas. While negative airflow rooms may be used for certain infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis, they are not typically indicated for influenza, which primarily spreads through respiratory droplets. Moreover, negative airflow rooms are often limited in availability and may not be necessary for every client with influenza.

D. Wear a mask when working within 3 feet of the client.

Influenza is primarily spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. Wearing a mask when working within close proximity (within 3 feet) of the client helps prevent the nurse from inhaling respiratory droplets containing the influenza virus, reducing the risk of transmission. Masks act as a barrier that helps trap respiratory secretions and prevent them from reaching the nurse's mouth and nose.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "I will walk three times per week."

Regular weight-bearing exercises, such as walking, are beneficial for maintaining bone density and reducing the risk of osteoporosis in older adults. Weight-bearing activities help stimulate bone formation and strengthen bones. Therefore, the client's statement about walking three times per week demonstrates an understanding of an effective measure for reducing the risk of osteoporosis.

B. "I will avoid exposure to the sun." - Exposure to sunlight is essential for vitamin D synthesis, which helps the body absorb calcium and maintain bone health. Therefore, avoiding sunlight would not be beneficial for reducing the risk of osteoporosis.

C. "I will decrease my intake of dairy products." - Dairy products are a rich source of calcium, which is crucial for bone health. Decreasing intake of dairy products may lead to inadequate calcium intake, increasing the risk of osteoporosis.

D. "I will take 250 milligrams of calcium once per day." - While calcium supplementation is important for maintaining bone health, the recommended daily intake for older adults is higher than 250 milligrams. The client's statement suggests an inadequate understanding of calcium supplementation for osteoporosis prevention.

A. Check the blood product's compatibility with the client's blood type. B. Prime the client's primary IV tubing with lactated Ringer's. C. Check that the client has a small gauge IV catheter in place. D. Confirm the identity of the client with the blood bank technician.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Check the blood product's compatibility with the client's blood type: Before administering packed red blood cells (RBCs) or any blood product, it is crucial to ensure that the blood product matches the client's blood type and is compatible. This is done to prevent transfusion reactions and ensure safe administration.

B. Prime the client's primary IV tubing with lactated Ringer's: While it is important to prime the IV tubing with an appropriate solution before starting the transfusion, this action does not directly indicate prior to the start of the infusion.

C. Check that the client has a small gauge IV catheter in place: Having an appropriate size and functioning IV catheter in place is important for administering blood products, but this action does not specifically indicate prior to the start of the infusion.

D. Confirm the identity of the client with the blood bank technician: Confirming the client's identity is an essential step in ensuring that the correct blood product is administered to the correct client. However, this action is typically done before the blood product is prepared and delivered to the client's location, rather than immediately before starting the infusion.

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