A nurse is caring for a client who has peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Which of the following symptoms should the nurse expect to find in the early stage of the disease?
Dependent rubor
Intermitent claudication
Foot ulcers
Rest pain
The Correct Answer is B
The correct answer is B
Choice B reason: Intermittent claudication
Intermittent claudication is a characteristic symptom of PAD in the early stage, due to the reduced blood flow to the muscles during exercise. It is a cramping pain in the legs that occurs with walking and is relieved by rest.
Choice A reason: Dependent rubor is a sign of PAD in the advanced stage, due to the impaired vasodilation and reactive hyperemia. It is a reddish color of the lower extremities that occurs when they are lowered and disappears when they are elevated.
Choice C reason: Foot ulcers are a complication of PAD in the late stage, due to the poor wound healing and tissue necrosis. They are usually located on the toes, heels, or pressure points.
Choice D reason: Rest pain is another sign of PAD in the late stage, due to the severe ischemia and nerve damage. It is a persistent pain in the feet or toes that occurs at night and is not relieved by rest.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Using elastic stockings is an effective way to improve venous return and prevent edema, stasis, and ulceration in clients who have venous insufficiency. The stockings should be applied before getting out of bed and worn throughout the day.
"Apply ice packs to your legs." is not appropriate, as ice packs can cause vasoconstriction and impair blood flow to the legs, worsening the condition.
"Place your legs in a dependent position while in bed." is not advisable, as dependent position can increase venous pressure and fluid accumulation in the legs, leading to edema, pain, and skin breakdown
"Remain on bed rest." is not necessary, as bed rest can reduce muscle contraction and impair venous return. The client should be encouraged to perform regular exercise, such as walking, to enhance circulation and prevent complications.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Swallowing the capsules whole is the correct way to take nitroglycerin oral, sustained-release capsules, as they are designed to release the medication slowly and steadily over time. The client should not crush, chew, or open the capsules, as this can alter the absorption and effectiveness of the medication.
Taking 1 capsule at the onset of anginal pain is not appropriate, as nitroglycerin oral, sustained-release capsules are not meant for acute episodes of angina, but for long-term prevention and management. The client should use a fast-acting form of nitroglycerin, such as sublingual tablets or spray, to relieve anginal pain.
Taking the medication with meals is not necessary, as nitroglycerin oral, sustained-release capsules can be taken with or without food. However, the client should take the medication at regular intervals and around the same time each day.
Stopping taking the medication if side effects are troublesome is not advisable, as nitroglycerin oral, sustained-release capsules can cause withdrawal symptoms and rebound angina if discontinued abruptly. The client should consult with the provider before stopping or changing the dose of the medication. The client should also report any severe or persistent side effects, such as headache, dizziness, hypotension, or tachycardia.
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