A nurse is caring for a client who has schizophrenia and has been taking a first-generation medication for several years. The client is exhibiting jerking movements and twitching of the face and tongue. Which of the following is the client experiencing?
Impaired ability to regulate body temperature
Extrapyramidal symptoms
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Tardive dyskinesia
The Correct Answer is D
D. Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a side effect of long-term use of first-generation antipsychotic medications, such as those commonly used to treat schizophrenia. It is characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements of the face, tongue, lips, and other parts of the body.
A. Impaired ability to regulate body temperature is more commonly associated with conditions such as heatstroke or certain neurological disorders affecting the hypothalamus, and it typically presents with symptoms such as fever or hypothermia.
B. Extrapyramidal symptoms encompass a range of movement disorders caused by dysfunction of the extrapyramidal system, which includes the basal ganglia.
C. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare but potentially life-threatening side effect of antipsychotic medications, characterized by fever, altered mental status, muscle rigidity, and autonomic dysfunction.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Interpersonal therapy (IPT) focuses on improving interpersonal relationships and social functioning, which is crucial for individuals with avoidant personality disorder. This therapy helps clients work through feelings of inadequacy, sensitivity to criticism, and fear of rejection, aiming to enhance their ability to connect with others and improve their social skills.
B. Antipsychotic medications are primarily used to treat psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with psychotic features. They are not the first-line treatment for avoidant personality disorder.
C. While DBT is useful for emotional regulation and has applications in various personality disorders, it is primarily designed for borderline personality disorder and may not be the first choice for avoidant personality disorder.
D Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a type of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) that emphasizes acceptance and change strategies.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. A lack of emotions, also known as flat affect or emotional blunting, is a common negative symptom of schizophrenia. It refers to a reduced range or intensity of emotional expression, such as reduced facial expressions, tone of voice, or gestures.
B. Paranoia is not a negative symptom but rather a positive symptom of schizophrenia.
C. Confusion may occur in schizophrenia, but it is not specific to negative symptoms. Confusion can be a result of various factors, including medication side effects, acute psychosis, or cognitive deficits.
D. Distorted beliefs, such as delusions, are considered positive symptoms rather than negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
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