A nurse is caring for a client who is being evaluated for multiple sclerosis. Which of the following tests should the nurse anticipate the provider will order to assist with diagnosis?

Choice A Reason:

Hypertension is correct. This is a modifiable risk factor for stroke. Hypertension, or high blood pressure, significantly increases the risk of stroke. Treating and controlling hypertension through lifestyle changes and medication can help reduce the risk of stroke.

Choice B Reason:

Client's age is incorrect. While age itself is not modifiable, age is a non-modifiable risk factor for stroke. Risk of stroke increases with age, particularly in individuals over 55 years old. However, other modifiable risk factors can be addressed to reduce overall risk.

Choice C Reason:

History of sickle cell disease is incorrect. Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin in red blood cells. While sickle cell disease increases the risk of certain complications, such as stroke in children, it is not a modifiable risk factor in the traditional sense.

Choice D Reason:

Parent who has cardiovascular disease is incorrect. While having a parent with cardiovascular disease may indicate a genetic predisposition to certain risk factors, it is not a direct modifiable risk factor for stroke. However, individuals with a family history of cardiovascular disease may have increased awareness and motivation to address modifiable risk factors such as hypertension, smoking, and diabetes.

Choice A Reason:

Repeating the same question over and over is incorrect. Repeating the same question over and over is not a desired outcome of client education. It may indicate confusion or cognitive impairment rather than effective learning and understanding of COPD management.

Choice B Reason:

Awareness of COPD manifestations is incorrect. This is a desirable outcome of client education. Increasing the client's awareness of COPD manifestations, such as dyspnea, coughing, and sputum production, can help them recognize exacerbations early and take appropriate action to manage their condition.

Choice C Reason:

Anxiety and restlessness is incorrect. Anxiety and restlessness are not desired outcomes of client education. While anxiety is common in individuals with COPD due to the chronic nature of the condition and its impact on daily activities, education should aim to reduce anxiety by providing information and strategies for coping with COPD-related symptoms and challenges.

Choice D Reason:

Motivation and engagement of the client is correct. This is a desirable outcome of client education. Motivating and engaging the client in their own care empowers them to take an active role in managing their COPD and improving their quality of life. Education should provide information, support, and encouragement to help the client feel motivated and engaged in self-management strategies.