A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving nitroprusside for hypertensive crisis. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing an adverse effect of this medication?

Hypotension

Bradycardia

Tachycardia

Hypertension.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Nitroprusside is a vasodilator that lowers blood pressure by dilating blood vessels. It is used to treat hypertensive crisis, which is a life-threatening condition of very high blood pressure. However, nitroprusside can cause excessive hypotension, which is a serious side effect that can lead to irreversible ischemic injuries or death. Therefore, the nurse should monitor the client’s blood pressure continuously and adjust the infusion rate accordingly.

Choice B is wrong because Bradycardia is wrong because nitroprusside does not affect the heart rate directly. However, bradycardia can occur as a reflex response to hypotension, which is a possible adverse effect of nitroprusside. Therefore, the nurse should also monitor the client’s heart rate and rhythm.

Choice C is wrong because Tachycardia is wrong because nitroprusside does not cause tachycardia directly. However, tachycardia can occur as a compensatory mechanism to hypotension, which is a possible adverse effect of nitroprusside. Therefore, the nurse should also monitor the client’s heart rate and rhythm.

Choice D is wrong because Hypertension is wrong because nitroprusside is used to lower blood pressure, not to raise it. However, hypertension can occur if the infusion is stopped abruptly, which can cause rebound vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure. Therefore, the nurse should taper off the infusion gradually and avoid sudden discontinuation.

Normal ranges for blood pressure are systolic less than 120 mmHg and diastolic less than 80 mmHg.

Normal ranges for heart rate are 60 to 100 beats per minute.

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Correct Answer is ["D","E"]

Explanation

Drinking 36 oz beer daily and eating a diet high in sodium are actions that increase the risk for hypertension.

Here is why:

• Drinking too much alcohol can raise blood pressure and also damage the liver, brain, and heart.The American Heart Association recommends limiting alcohol intake to no more than one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men.

• Eating a diet high in sodium can cause the body to retain fluid, which increases blood pressure.The American Heart Association recommends limiting sodium intake to no more than 2,300 mg per day, and ideally no more than 1,500 mg per day.

Choice A, B, and C are wrong because:

• Drinking 8 oz nonfat milk daily is not a risk factor for hypertension.In fact, dairy products may help lower blood pressure by providing calcium, potassium, and protein.

• Eating popcorn at the movie theater is not a risk factor for hypertension, unless the popcorn is heavily salted or buttered.Popcorn is a whole grain that can provide fiber and antioxidants.

• Walking 1 mile daily at 12 min/mile pace is not a risk factor for hypertension.On the contrary, physical activity can help lower blood pressure by strengthening the heart and blood vessels.

Normal blood pressure range is less than 120/80 mm Hg (millimeters of mercury).

Elevated blood pressure range is 120-129/less than 80 mm Hg.

Hypertension stage 1 range is 130-139/80-89 mm Hg.

Hypertension stage 2 range is 140 or higher/90 or higher mm Hg.Hypertensive crisis range is higher than 180/higher than 120 mm Hg.

A. “Aspirin will help lower your blood pressure and reduce your cardiac workload.” B. “Aspirin will help prevent blood clots from forming in your coronary arteries.” C. “Aspirin will help dilate your coronary arteries and increase blood flow to your heart.” D. “Aspirin will help reduce inflammation and pain in your chest.”.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Aspirin is an antiplatelet drug that inhibits the aggregation of platelets and prevents the formation of thrombi, which can occlude the coronary arteries and cause angina or myocardial infarction.Aspirin is recommended for clients who have angina and are at risk for myocardial infarction as a secondary prevention measure.

Choice A is wrong because aspirin does not lower blood pressure or reduce cardiac workload.These effects are achieved by other drugs such as beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.

Choice C is wrong because aspirin does not dilate the coronary arteries or increase blood flow to the heart.These effects are achieved by other drugs such as nitrates or calcium channel blockers.

Choice D is wrong because aspirin does not reduce inflammation or pain in the chest.These effects are achieved by other drugs such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or opioids.

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A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving nitroprusside for hypertensive crisis. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing an adverse effect of this medication?

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