A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving phenobarbital for a seizure disorder. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects of this controlled substance?

Correct answer: d) Drowsiness

Rationale: Phenobarbital is a barbiturate that acts as a central nervous system depressant. It belongs to Schedule IV of controlled substances, which have a low potential for abuse and dependence compared to Schedule I, II, or III substances. Drowsiness is a common adverse effect of phenobarbital and other barbiturates.

Incorrect choices:
a) Hypertension: Hypertension is not a typical adverse effect of phenobarbital or other barbiturates. Phenobarbital can cause hypotension due to vasodilation.
b) Tachycardia: Tachycardia is not a typical adverse effect of phenobarbital or other barbiturates. Phenobarbital can cause bradycardia due to decreased cardiac output.
c) Insomnia: Insomnia is not a typical adverse effect of phenobarbital or other barbiturates. Phenobarbital can cause sedation and sleepiness.

Correct answer: d) Schedule IV

Rationale: Diazepam is a benzodiazepine that acts as a central nervous system depressant. It belongs to Schedule IV of controlled substances, which have a low potential for abuse and dependence compared to Schedule I, II, or III substances.

Incorrect choices:
a) Schedule I: Schedule I substances have no accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse and dependence. Examples include heroin, LSD, and ecstasy.
b) Schedule II: Schedule II substances have a high potential for abuse and dependence but have some accepted medical uses with severe restrictions. Examples include morphine, oxycodone, and cocaine.
c) Schedule III: Schedule III substances have a moderate potential for abuse and dependence but have accepted medical uses. Examples include codeine, ketamine, and anabolic steroids.