A nurse is caring for a client with acute renal failure who develops edema. What is the primary pathophysiological process that leads to edema in this client?

Decreased blood volume and hypovolemia.

Increased vascular permeability and leakage of fluid into tissues.

Impaired filtration and reduced excretion of fluid by the kidneys.

Excessive fluid intake and fluid overload.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Incorrect. Decreased blood volume and hypovolemia may contribute to prerenal acute renal failure, but they are not the primary pathophysiological processes that lead to edema in acute renal failure.

B. Incorrect. Increased vascular permeability and leakage of fluid into tissues are not the primary mechanisms of edema in acute renal failure.

C. Correct. In acute renal failure, the impaired filtration and reduced excretion of fluid by the kidneys lead to fluid retention and edema in various parts of the body.

D. Incorrect. Excessive fluid intake and fluid overload may contribute to fluid retention and edema in prerenal acute renal failure, but they are not the primary pathophysiological process in acute renal failure.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Correct. Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a significant risk factor for the development of acute renal failure. Chronic hypertension can lead to kidney damage and impaired kidney function over time.

B. Incorrect. Seasonal allergies, osteoarthritis, and anemia are not direct risk factors for acute renal failure.

C. Incorrect. Osteoarthritis is not directly related to acute renal failure.

D. Incorrect. While anemia can be associated with chronic kidney disease, it is not a specific risk factor for acute renal failure.

A. Elevated blood pressure and increased urine output. B. Low blood pressure and decreased urine output. C. No changes in blood pressure and stable urine output. D. High blood sugar levels and frequent urination.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Incorrect. Elevated blood pressure is not typically an initial assessment finding in acute renal failure. In fact, it is more common to see low blood pressure (hypotension) due to decreased blood flow to the kidneys.

B. Correct. One of the hallmark manifestations of acute renal failure is decreased urine output (oliguriA. or even no urine output (anuriA. . This is often accompanied by low blood pressure as a result of decreased kidney function.

C. Incorrect. Acute renal failure usually leads to changes in blood pressure and urine output. Stable blood pressure and urine output are not typical initial assessment findings in this condition.

D. Incorrect. High blood sugar levels and frequent urination are not directly related to acute renal failure. These symptoms are more characteristic of diabetes mellitus.

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A nurse is caring for a client with acute renal failure who develops edema. What is the primary pathophysiological process that leads to edema in this client?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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