A nurse is caring for a client with acute renal failure who develops edema. What is the primary pathophysiological process that leads to edema in this client?
Decreased blood volume and hypovolemia.
Increased vascular permeability and leakage of fluid into tissues.
Impaired filtration and reduced excretion of fluid by the kidneys.
Excessive fluid intake and fluid overload.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Incorrect. Decreased blood volume and hypovolemia may contribute to prerenal acute renal failure, but they are not the primary pathophysiological processes that lead to edema in acute renal failure.
B. Incorrect. Increased vascular permeability and leakage of fluid into tissues are not the primary mechanisms of edema in acute renal failure.
C. Correct. In acute renal failure, the impaired filtration and reduced excretion of fluid by the kidneys lead to fluid retention and edema in various parts of the body.
D. Incorrect. Excessive fluid intake and fluid overload may contribute to fluid retention and edema in prerenal acute renal failure, but they are not the primary pathophysiological process in acute renal failure.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Correct. Bananas and oranges are high-potassium fruits that the client should avoid on a potassium-restricted diet.
B. Incorrect. Bread and pasta are not typically high in potassium and are usually acceptable in a potassium-restricted diet.
C. Incorrect. Eggs and cheese are not significant sources of potassium and are usually allowed in a potassium-restricted diet.
D. Incorrect. Chicken and fish are sources of protein and do not have high potassium content that would require restriction in most cases.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Correct. Erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) are commonly used to treat anemia in clients with renal failure. These medications stimulate the production of red blood cells and help manage anemia associated with kidney dysfunction.
B. Incorrect. Anticoagulants such as heparin are not used to treat anemia; they are prescribed to prevent blood clotting and thrombosis.
C. Incorrect. Loop diuretics are used to promote diuresis and manage fluid overload in clients with acute renal failure; they do not treat anemia.
D. Incorrect. Antihypertensive agents are prescribed to manage hypertension and do not treat anemia in clients with renal failure.
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