A nurse is caring for a patient who received a blood transfusion 10 days ago.
The patient presents with symptoms of fever, jaundice, hemoglobinuria, and a positive Coombs test.
What complication is the patient likely experiencing?
Delayed hemolytic reaction.
Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD)
Post-transfusion purpura.
Transfusion-related immunomodulation (TRIM)
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale:
Delayed hemolytic reactions occur several days after a blood transfusion and are characterized by symptoms like fever, jaundice, hemoglobinuria, and a positive Coombs test.
This matches the patient's presentation described in the question.
Choice B rationale:
Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD) typically presents with fever, rash, diarrhea, and liver dysfunction.
It is a rare but severe complication that occurs when the donor's lymphocytes attack the recipient's tissues.
Choice C rationale:
Post-transfusion purpura is a rare condition characterized by severe thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) that occurs a week or more after a blood transfusion.
It does not match the symptoms described in the question.
Choice D rationale:
Transfusion-related immunomodulation (TRIM) is a theoretical concept and not a recognized clinical entity.
It is not associated with the specific symptoms mentioned in the question.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
B- blood can be safely transfused to a client with blood type B+ since B+ individuals do not have anti-B antibodies.
However, the reverse is not true.
A client with blood type B+ should not receive B- blood because B- blood has anti-A antibodies that can react with the A antigen present on the recipient's red blood cells.
Choice B rationale:
A- blood can be safely transfused to a client with blood type B+ since B+ individuals do not have anti-A antibodies.
However, the reverse is not true.
A client with blood type B+ should not receive A- blood because A- blood has anti-B antibodies that can react with the B antigen present on the recipient's red blood cells.
Choice C rationale:
O- blood can be safely transfused to a client with blood type B+ because O- blood is universally compatible with all blood types.
O- blood does not contain A, B, or RhD antigens, making it safe for transfusion to recipients with any blood type.
Choice D rationale:
AB- blood can be safely transfused to a client with blood type B+ since B+ individuals do not have anti-A or anti-B antibodies.
However, the reverse is not true.
A client with blood type B+ should not receive AB- blood because AB- blood contains both A and B antigens, which can react with the antibodies present in the recipient's plasma.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Allergic reaction.
Choice A rationale:
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) usually presents with acute respiratory distress, not urticaria, pruritus, and flushing.
It is characterized by the sudden onset of dyspnea, hypoxemia, and pulmonary edema.
Choice B rationale:
Bacterial contamination of blood products can lead to sepsis, but the symptoms described in the question (urticaria, pruritus, and flushing) are not indicative of bacterial contamination.
Symptoms of bacterial contamination would typically include fever, chills, and signs of infection.
Choice C rationale:
Febrile nonhemolytic reactions can cause fever, chills, and rigors, but they are not associated with urticaria, pruritus, or flushing.
Choice D rationale:
An allergic reaction, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction, can manifest with symptoms like urticaria (hives), pruritus (itching), and flushing.
These symptoms are indicative of an allergic response to components in the blood product, such as plasma proteins or allergens.
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