A nurse is caring for a patient with hypoxia due to anemia and is exploring treatment options to improve oxygen-carrying capacity.
What therapy can the nurse recommend?
"I suggest volume expanders like lactated Ringer's to increase your blood volume and circulation.”
"You may benefit from hemostatic agents such as protamine sulfate to stop bleeding.”
"Consider oxygen therapy delivered through a nasal cannula or mask to enhance your oxygen-carrying capacity.”
"Erythropoietin injections can stimulate the production of red blood cells and help alleviate your hypoxia.”
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale:
Lactated Ringer's solution is a volume expander, not a therapy for improving oxygen-carrying capacity.
It can increase blood volume but does not address the underlying cause of anemia or hypoxia.
Choice B rationale:
Hemostatic agents like protamine sulfate are used to reverse the anticoagulant effects of heparin.
They are not indicated for improving oxygen-carrying capacity in anemic patients.
Choice C rationale:
Oxygen therapy delivered through a nasal cannula or mask is indeed a therapy to enhance oxygen-carrying capacity.
It provides supplemental oxygen to improve oxygen saturation in the blood, which can alleviate hypoxia in anemic patients.
Choice D rationale:
Erythropoietin injections can stimulate the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow.
This therapy can increase the patient's hemoglobin levels and improve oxygen-carrying capacity, making it a suitable recommendation for a patient with hypoxia due to anemia.
For , choices A, C, and D are correct as they are examples of volume expanders that can increase blood volume and circulation without adding blood cells.
For , choice C is correct as hemostatic agents like vitamin K or tranexamic acid can promote clotting and stop bleeding in a patient with a bleeding disorder.
For , choice D is correct as erythropoietin injections can stimulate the production of red blood cells and help alleviate hypoxia in a patient with anemia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is characterized by acute respiratory distress and is usually not associated with abdominal symptoms.
TRALI is more common in patients receiving plasma-containing blood products.
Choice B rationale:
Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) occurs when a patient receives a volume of blood or blood products that exceeds their circulatory system's capacity.
Symptoms include dyspnea, orthopnea, tachypnea, and crackles on lung auscultation, which match the symptoms described in the question.
This condition is more likely when blood products are transfused too rapidly or in excessive volume.
Choice C rationale:
Allergic reactions to blood transfusions typically present with symptoms like itching, hives, and flushing, rather than the respiratory symptoms and crackles on lung auscultation described in the question.
Choice D rationale:
Febrile nonhemolytic reactions are characterized by fever and chills and do not typically manifest as dyspnea, orthopnea, tachypnea, or crackles on lung auscultation.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD) typically presents with symptoms of fever, rash, diarrhea, and pancytopenia 1 to 6 weeks after transfusion.
It is a delayed reaction, but it does not cause epistaxis, hematuria, and menorrhagia, which are bleeding symptoms.
Therefore, it is an unlikely choice for this scenario.
Choice B rationale:
Transfusion-related immunomodulation (TRIM) is a theory that blood transfusions may affect the immune system, but it does not typically present with the specific bleeding symptoms described in the scenario.
TRIM is more concerned with the immunosuppressive effects of transfusions.
Choice C rationale:
Post-transfusion purpura is a rare condition that occurs 5 to 12 days after a transfusion.
It is characterized by sudden severe thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) and bleeding symptoms, which can include epistaxis (nosebleeds), hematuria (blood in the urine), and menorrhagia (excessive menstrual bleeding)
This aligns with the symptoms described in the scenario, making it the most likely cause.
Choice D rationale:
Viral infections can be a complication of blood transfusions, but they do not typically present with these specific bleeding symptoms within 7 days after the transfusion.
Viral infections may cause a broader range of symptoms and have a longer incubation period.
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