A nurse is caring for a patient with metabolic alkalosis.
What actions should the nurse take?

Choice A rationale:

Hypothermia, or abnormally low body temperature, is not typically a symptom of diarrhea. While it’s possible for a person with severe diarrhea to experience chills or feel cold, hypothermia is not a direct result of diarrhea.

Choice B rationale:

A rigid abdomen is often a sign of a serious condition like peritonitis (inflammation of the peritoneum, the tissue that lines the inner wall of the abdomen), but it is not typically associated with diarrhea.

Choice C rationale:

Dehydration is a common complication of diarrhea. When a person has diarrhea, they can lose a lot of fluid and electrolytes quickly, leading to dehydration. Symptoms of dehydration can include thirst, less frequent urination, dark-colored urine, fatigue, dizziness, and confusion.

Choice D rationale:

Decreased bowel sounds are not typically associated with diarrhea. In fact, bowel sounds may actually increase in some cases of diarrhea due to increased gut motility.

Choice A rationale:

Wheezing is a common symptom of an allergic transfusion reaction. An allergic transfusion reaction occurs when the recipient’s immune system reacts to foreign proteins or allergens in the donor’s blood. Symptoms of an allergic reaction can range from mild to severe, and they typically include skin reactions such as hives and itching, as well as respiratory symptoms like wheezing. In severe cases, the reaction can cause difficulty breathing.

Choice B rationale:

Flank pain is not typically associated with an allergic transfusion reaction. It is more commonly a symptom of conditions affecting the kidneys or urinary tract. While flank pain can occur in a hemolytic transfusion reaction due to the rapid destruction of red blood cells, it is not a symptom of an allergic reaction.

Choice C rationale:

Elevated blood pressure is not a typical symptom of an allergic transfusion reaction. Allergic reactions more commonly cause symptoms such as hives, itching, and respiratory symptoms like wheezing. In severe cases, an allergic reaction can actually lead to a drop in blood pressure.

Choice D rationale:

Distended neck veins are not a typical symptom of an allergic transfusion reaction. They are more commonly associated with conditions that cause increased pressure in the right side of the heart. While distended neck veins can occur in a transfusion reaction due to fluid overload, they are not a symptom of an allergic reaction.