A nurse is caring for a patient with thrombocytopenia.
Which statement accurately describes the pathophysiology of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)?
"ITP results from decreased platelet production in the bone marrow.”
"In ITP, autoantibodies mark platelets for destruction by macrophages.”
"ITP is characterized by impaired cleavage of von Willebrand factor.”
"Thrombocytopenia in ITP is triggered by heparin-platelet factor 4 complexes.”
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale:
"ITP results from decreased platelet production in the bone marrow." Rationale: This statement is not accurate.
Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) is primarily a disorder of platelet destruction, not decreased production in the bone marrow.
In ITP, autoantibodies target platelets, leading to their destruction by macrophages.
Choice B rationale:
"In ITP, autoantibodies mark platelets for destruction by macrophages." Rationale: This is the correct answer.
ITP is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system produces autoantibodies that attach to platelets, tagging them for destruction by macrophages in the spleen and liver.
Choice C rationale:
"ITP is characterized by impaired cleavage of von Willebrand factor." Rationale: This statement is not accurate.
Impaired cleavage of von Willebrand factor is a characteristic of von Willebrand disease, a different bleeding disorder, not ITP.
Choice D rationale:
"Thrombocytopenia in ITP is triggered by heparin-platelet factor 4 complexes." Rationale: This statement is incorrect.
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) involves the formation of antibodies against heparin-platelet factor 4 complexes, leading to platelet activation and a decrease in platelet count.
This is a different condition than ITP.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice B rationale:
Administer plasma exchange therapy Administering plasma exchange therapy may be indicated in some cases of thrombocytopenia, but it is not the initial intervention when a client presents with petechiae, pallor, and weakness.
The primary concern in this situation is addressing active bleeding, which is best managed by applying pressure to bleeding sites and elevating the affected area.
Choice C rationale:
Monitor renal function and fluid balance While monitoring renal function and fluid balance is important in the overall care of a client with thrombocytopenia, it is not the immediate intervention when the client presents with symptoms of bleeding and weakness.
The priority is to stop the bleeding by applying pressure and elevating the affected area.
Choice D rationale:
Prepare the client for immunosuppressant therapy Immunosuppressant therapy may be considered as a treatment option for certain types of thrombocytopenia, but it is not the initial intervention when the client has active bleeding and weakness.
The immediate focus should be on bleeding control and symptom management.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
"Spontaneous bleeding in thrombocytopenia is due to excessive clotting." Rationale: This statement is not accurate.
Thrombocytopenia is characterized by a low platelet count, which impairs the blood's ability to form clots.
Spontaneous bleeding occurs because there are not enough platelets to participate in clot formation.
Choice B rationale:
"Immune-mediated destruction of platelets leads to spontaneous bleeding." Rationale: This is the correct answer.
In thrombocytopenia, especially immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), the immune system destroys platelets, leading to a decreased platelet count.
This makes the patient more prone to spontaneous bleeding.
Choice C rationale:
"Bleeding occurs in thrombocytopenia due to increased platelet production." Rationale: This statement is incorrect.
Thrombocytopenia is characterized by a decreased platelet count, not increased production.
Choice D rationale:
"Thrombocytopenia-related bleeding is a result of heparin therapy." Rationale: This statement is inaccurate.
Thrombocytopenia related to heparin therapy is known as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), and it occurs due to an immune response to heparin, not the same mechanism as in thrombocytopenia.
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