A nurse is collecting data from a client who has hypomania.
Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Psychomotor retardation.

Decreased self-esteem.

Euphoria.

Hallucinations.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale:

Psychomotor retardation is a characteristic of depression, not hypomania. In fact, individuals with hypomania typically exhibit psychomotor agitation, which is characterized by increased energy and activity levels.

Psychomotor retardation often manifests as slowed movements, speech, and thought processes. It can significantly impact an individual's ability to perform daily tasks and engage in social interactions.

While psychomotor retardation can occur in various mental health conditions, it is not typically associated with hypomania.

Choice B rationale:

Decreased self-esteem is also a characteristic of depression, not hypomania. Individuals with hypomania typically experience inflated self-esteem and grandiosity.

They may overestimate their abilities, make unrealistic plans, or engage in risky behaviors. This inflated sense of self-worth is often a hallmark feature of hypomania and can contribute to impaired judgment and decision-making.

Choice C rationale:

Euphoria is a hallmark symptom of hypomania. It is characterized by an elevated, expansive, or irritable mood that is persistent and noticeable to others.

Individuals with euphoria often feel excessively happy, cheerful, or optimistic. They may have increased energy, decreased need for sleep, and a heightened sense of well-being.

They may also be more talkative, outgoing, and engage in pleasurable activities more often.

This elevated mood is a core feature of hypomania and is often accompanied by other characteristic symptoms, such as increased activity levels, racing thoughts, and impulsivity.

Choice D rationale:

Hallucinations are not a typical feature of hypomania. They are more commonly associated with psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia.

Hallucinations involve perceiving things that are not real, such as hearing voices or seeing things that are not there.

While hallucinations can occur in some individuals with hypomania, they are not a defining feature of the condition

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Mental separation from distractions during painting is a healthy coping mechanism, allowing for focus and mindfulness.

It falls under the adaptive defense mechanism of compartmentalization, which involves temporarily separating thoughts and emotions to manage stress effectively.

It doesn't deny or distort reality, but rather creates a temporary mental space for relaxation and creativity.

Choice B rationale:

Writing a short story about a heroic woman is a form of sublimation, channeling negative emotions into a productive and creative outlet.

It's a mature defense mechanism that allows for indirect expression of anger or frustration without causing harm to oneself or others.

It can lead to personal growth and insight, as it encourages reflection and exploration of emotions through storytelling.

Choice C rationale:

Inability to recall the scene of a traumatic event is likely a dissociative defense mechanism, protecting the individual from overwhelming psychological distress.

It's a common response to trauma, and while it may be maladaptive in the long term if it prevents processing the trauma, it serves a protective function in the acute phase.

It doesn't necessarily indicate a maladaptive coping style overall, but rather a specific response to a traumatic experience.

Choice D rationale:

Declaring disinterest in work after being denied a promotion exemplifies disengagement, a maladaptive coping mechanism involving withdrawal and apathy.

It reflects an inability to cope with disappointment or setbacks in a constructive way.

It can lead to social isolation, decreased motivation, and potentially depression or other mental health issues.

A. “We are here to help you and give you the care that you need right now.” B. “You feel that you don’t belong here?” C. “Why do you feel that you need to leave?” D. “Try to take some deep breaths and I’m sure you’ll feel better.”

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A:

While this response is well-intentioned, it may not be the most therapeutic in this situation. It could be perceived as dismissive of the client's feelings and concerns. Clients with schizophrenia often have difficulty trusting others, and this response could reinforce the client's belief that they are being held against their will.

It's important to acknowledge the client's feelings and concerns, rather than simply stating that the healthcare team is there to help.

Choice B:

This response is the most therapeutic because it uses the technique of reflection. Reflection involves echoing back the client's feelings or thoughts, which can help them feel heard and understood. It can also encourage the client to elaborate on their concerns.

By reflecting the client's statement, the nurse validates their feelings and opens the door for further communication.

Choice C:

This response could be perceived as confrontational or challenging, which could further escalate the client's anxiety. It's generally more helpful to start with a more open-ended question or reflection.

Asking "why" questions can sometimes make people feel defensive or put on the spot.

Choice D:

While relaxation techniques can be helpful for some clients, this response is not appropriate in this situation. It minimizes the client's concerns and does not address their underlying feelings of fear and anxiety.

It's important to validate the client's feelings before suggesting coping strategies.

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A nurse is collecting data from a client who has hypomania. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

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During a group therapy session, a nurse observes several clients using multiple defense mechanisms. Which of the following client statements demonstrates the use of maladaptive coping mechanisms?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

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A nurse is collecting data from a client who has hypomania.
Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?