A nurse is collecting data from an infant who has a large patent ductus arteriosus. Which of the following is clinical manifestations should the nurse expect?

Cyanosis with crying

Weak pulses

Chronic hypoxemia

Machine-like murmur

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Cyanosis with crying: Cyanosis is less common in isolated PDA and more indicative of other congenital heart defects. PDA usually results in increased pulmonary blood flow and may not directly cause cyanosis, especially in less severe cases.

B. Weak pulses: PDA typically causes increased pulmonary blood flow and can result in bounding pulses rather than weak ones. Weak pulses are more indicative of reduced cardiac output, which is not characteristic of PDA.

C. Chronic hypoxemia: Chronic hypoxemia is less associated with PDA and more common in cyanotic heart defects where oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix. PDA primarily affects the volume of blood flow to the lungs and may not lead to hypoxemia unless complicated by other conditions.

D. Machine-like murmur: A characteristic feature of PDA is a continuous, machine-like murmur caused by turbulent blood flow between the aorta and the pulmonary artery. This murmur is a hallmark sign of PDA and is typically heard during auscultation.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. The parent reports the child will not keep the arm elevated on the pillow: Not a priority. While elevation is important, it is not immediately concerning.

B. The fingers on the right hand have a capillary refill of 4 seconds: Correct. A capillary refill time of more than 2 seconds indicates poor perfusion, which can be a sign of compartment syndrome, a serious complication.

C. The fingertips of the right hand are swollen and bruised: Concerning, but swelling and bruising can be normal post-injury. Immediate concern is perfusion.

D. The child is not attempting to move her right arm or fingers: Concerning, but can be due to pain or fear. Poor perfusion (B) is a more immediate threat.

A. Scoliosis B. Ankylosis C. Kyphosis D. Lordosis

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Scoliosis: Scoliosis is characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, commonly detected during routine physical exams in school-aged children and adolescents. This is the correct diagnosis for the described symptom.

B. Ankylosis: Ankylosis refers to joint stiffness or immobility due to fusion of the bones, not a lateral curvature of the spine. It is typically associated with conditions like ankylosing spondylitis and does not describe a spinal curvature.

C. Kyphosis: Kyphosis involves an abnormal forward curvature of the spine, often resulting in a hunchback appearance. It is not the same as a lateral curvature and thus does not fit the description given.

D. Lordosis: Lordosis is characterized by an exaggerated inward curve of the lower spine, commonly referred to as swayback. It does not involve lateral curvature and therefore is not relevant to the described condition.

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A nurse is collecting data from an infant who has a large patent ductus arteriosus. Which of the following is clinical manifestations should the nurse expect?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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