A nurse is demonstrating to a client how to perform diaphragmatic breathing. The nurse should educate the client to complete which action?

Raise both shoulders while breathing deeply.

Inhale through the mouth.

Exhale through the nose.

Tighten the abdominal muscles while exhaling.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

The correct answer is d) Tighten the abdominal muscles while exhaling.

Choice A Reason:

“Raise both shoulders while breathing deeply” is incorrect. Diaphragmatic breathing focuses on using the diaphragm rather than the shoulders. Raising the shoulders can lead to shallow chest breathing, which is less effective for oxygen exchange.

Choice B Reason:

“Inhale through the mouth” is incorrect. For diaphragmatic breathing, it is recommended to inhale through the nose. This helps filter, warm, and humidify the air before it reaches the lungs.

Choice C Reason:

“Exhale through the nose” is incorrect. While exhaling through the nose is beneficial in some breathing exercises, diaphragmatic breathing typically involves exhaling through pursed lips. This technique helps slow down the exhalation and keeps the airways open longer.

Choice D Reason:

“Tighten the abdominal muscles while exhaling” is correct. Tightening the abdominal muscles helps push the diaphragm up, forcing air out of the lungs more efficiently. This action is a key component of effective diaphragmatic breathing.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Mobilizes secretions is correct. Expectorants work by thinning and loosening the mucus in the airways, making it easier to cough up and expel. This helps clear the respiratory tract of mucus and other secretions, making the cough more productive.

Choice B Reason:

Suppresses the urge to cough is incorrect. This describes the action of antitussives, not expectorants. Antitussives work by suppressing the cough reflex, which is different from the mechanism of expectorants.

Choice C Reason:

Reduces inflammation is incorrect. While reducing inflammation can help with respiratory symptoms, it is not the primary mechanism of action for expectorants. Anti-inflammatory medications are used to reduce inflammation.

Choice D Reason:

Dries mucous membranes is incorrect. Drying mucous membranes is typically the action of antihistamines, not expectorants. Expectorants aim to increase the moisture in mucus to make it less sticky and easier to expel.

A. Asthma B. Hypertension C. Glaucoma D. Depression

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A: Asthma

Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine that can cause drying of the airways and thickening of bronchial secretions, which might exacerbate asthma symptoms. However, it is not strictly contraindicated in asthma patients. Instead, caution is advised, and it should be used under medical supervision if necessary.

Choice B: Hypertension

While diphenhydramine can cause mild increases in blood pressure due to its anticholinergic effects, it is not contraindicated in patients with hypertension. Patients with hypertension should use it cautiously and under medical advice, but it is not an absolute contraindication.

Choice C: Glaucoma

Diphenhydramine is contraindicated in patients with glaucoma, particularly closed-angle glaucoma. This is because diphenhydramine has anticholinergic properties that can increase intraocular pressure, potentially worsening the condition. Patients with glaucoma should avoid using diphenhydramine to prevent complications related to increased eye pressure.

Choice D: Depression

Diphenhydramine is not contraindicated in patients with depression. However, it can cause drowsiness and sedation, which might affect mood and energy levels. Patients with depression should use it cautiously and under medical supervision, but it is not an absolute contraindication.

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A nurse is demonstrating to a client how to perform diaphragmatic breathing. The nurse should educate the client to complete which action?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is teaching a client about taking an expectorant to treat a cough. The nurse should explain this type of medication works by which mechanism?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A client asks the nurse about a prescription for the antihistamine, diphenhydramine (Benadryl). The nurse should teach the client that this medication is contraindicated in clients who have a history of which condition?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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