A nurse is discharging two clients from the hospital to their homes. The client with insurance will receive supplies to take home and the one without insurance will need to pick up supplies at the local community health department. The nurse should recognize that this is a breach of which of the following ethical principles?

Beneficence

Nonmaleficence

Justice

Autonomy

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Beneficence, acting for patient benefit, is not breached, as both clients receive care and supplies, albeit differently. Unequal distribution reflects access issues, not failure to promote well-being, making beneficence less relevant than justice in addressing this ethical concern.
Choice B reason: Nonmaleficence, avoiding harm, is not violated, as both clients access supplies without direct harm. The inequality in delivery method raises fairness concerns, not harm, making justice the primary ethical principle breached in this scenario of differential treatment.
Choice C reason: Justice, ensuring fair treatment, is breached when one client receives supplies directly and another must seek them externally due to insurance status. This inequality in resource access violates equitable care principles, critical in healthcare ethics to ensure fairness across patient populations.
Choice D reason: Autonomy, respecting patient choices, is not breached, as both clients receive care consistent with their needs. The issue lies in unequal resource access, not decision-making restrictions, making justice the relevant ethical principle over autonomy in this scenario.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Penicillin, an antibiotic, has no known interactions with saw palmetto, a herbal supplement used for BPH. Saw palmetto affects prostate function, not antibiotic metabolism, so this combination is safe, making it an incorrect choice for an adverse interaction.
Choice B reason: Ipratropium, used for respiratory conditions, does not interact with saw palmetto, which targets prostate health. Their mechanisms are unrelated, and no significant drug-herb interaction exists, making this medication an incorrect choice for an adverse interaction with saw palmetto.
Choice C reason: Zolpidem, a sedative, has no documented interactions with saw palmetto. Saw palmetto’s effects on prostate tissue do not influence zolpidem’s central nervous system actions, so this combination is safe, making it incorrect for an adverse interaction.
Choice D reason: Finasteride, used for BPH, may interact with saw palmetto, as both reduce prostate size via similar mechanisms (inhibiting 5-alpha-reductase). Combined use can amplify effects or cause additive side effects, making this a potential adverse interaction, thus the correct choice.

A. Anuria B. Edema C. Hyperkalemia D. Hypocalcemia E. Metabolic acidosis

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Anuria, minimal or no urine output, is expected in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) due to nephron loss, reducing glomerular filtration rate. This causes fluid and toxin buildup, requiring dialysis to manage fluid balance and prevent complications like uremia in ESKD clients.
Choice B reason: Edema results from impaired sodium and water excretion in ESKD, causing fluid overload. Reduced filtration leads to volume retention, manifesting as peripheral or pulmonary edema, increasing cardiovascular strain and necessitating diuretics or dialysis to control fluid status effectively.
Choice C reason: Hyperkalemia occurs in ESKD, as failing kidneys cannot excrete potassium, elevating serum levels. This risks cardiac arrhythmias due to disrupted membrane potentials. Dietary restrictions or dialysis are needed to manage potassium, preventing life-threatening complications in end-stage renal failure.
Choice D reason: Hypocalcemia in ESKD stems from impaired vitamin D activation and phosphate retention, binding calcium. This disrupts bone mineralization and neuromuscular function, causing tetany or fractures. Calcium supplementation and dialysis correct this imbalance, addressing renal failure’s metabolic consequences.
Choice E reason: Metabolic acidosis in ESKD results from impaired hydrogen ion excretion and bicarbonate reabsorption. This lowers blood pH, causing fatigue and bone demineralization. Dialysis or bicarbonate therapy corrects acid-base imbalances, addressing the kidneys’ failure to maintain homeostasis in end-stage disease.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reviewing the medication administration record of a client who has benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The client asks the nurse about taking saw palmetto. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following medications interacts adversely with saw palmetto?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client who has end-stage kidney disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

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