A nurse is discussing Freud's psychoanalytic theory with a patient undergoing psychotherapy. According to Freud, which part of the personality operates based on the reality principle and mediates between instinctual desires and societal rules?

Unconscious

Ego

Superego

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Rationale:

A. The unconscious is a level of awareness, not a structural part of the personality.

B. The id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of instinctual drives.

C. The ego functions on the reality principle, mediating between the impulsive demands of the id, the moral constraints of the superego, and the realities of the external world.

D. The superego represents internalized moral standards and ideals but does not mediate between impulses and reality—that is the ego's role.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Rationale:

A. Displacement involves transferring emotional responses from the original source of distress (the supervisor) to a safer or more acceptable substitute target (family members).

B. Denial is the refusal to accept reality or facts, often to avoid painful emotions, and is not demonstrated in this scenario.

C. Projection involves attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to someone else (e.g., accusing others of being angry when you're angry).

D. Sublimation is a healthy defense mechanism where negative impulses are channeled into positive, socially acceptable activities (e.g., exercising or creating art instead of acting out anger).

A. The patient exhibits impaired judgment and difficulty with impulse control. B. The patient has visual hallucinations and difficulty identifying visual stimuli. C. The patient is unable to maintain balance and shows a wide-based gait D. The patient is unable to understand spoken language and displays fluent but nonsensical speech.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Rationale:

A. Impaired judgment and poor impulse control are more commonly associated with frontal lobe damage.

B. The occipital lobe is responsible for visual processing. Damage here can cause visual disturbances, hallucinations, or agnosia (inability to recognize visual stimuli).

C. Balance and coordination issues, such as a wide-based gait, are typically related to cerebellar dysfunction, not occipital lobe injury.

D. Inability to comprehend language with fluent but nonsensical speech suggests Wernicke’s aphasia, which involves the temporal lobe, not the occipital lobe.

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A nurse is discussing Freud's psychoanalytic theory with a patient undergoing psychotherapy. According to Freud, which part of the personality operates based on the reality principle and mediates between instinctual desires and societal rules?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client is frustrated and angry with their supervisor at work but chooses to express this anger by yelling at their family members at home. According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, this behavior is an example of which defense mechanism?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is performing a neurological assessment on a patient who recently suffered an ischemic stroke affecting the occipital lobe. Which of the following findings would be most consistent with this area of brain injury?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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A client insists that government agents are monitoring their every move and controlling their thoughts, despite clear evidence to the contrary. What thought process is the patient currently experiencing?

Dorothea Dix is best known for which of the following significant contributions to psychiatric nursing and mental health care in the 19th century?

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